Chapter 2.8 - Taxi, Takeoff & Landing Flashcards
Name 4 factors affecting Taxi Speed?
- Throttle/Power Setting.
- Use of Brakes.
- Type of Surface.
- Wind.
What equates to a Taxi Speed?
A fast walking pace.
During Taxiing what two functions can a Pilot use?
- Throttle (Primary Control).
- Brakes (use as an aid).
What 3 factors can affect a pilot maintaining a safe Taxi Speed?
- Nature of the Surface.
- Any Slope.
- Wind.
If Taxi Speed is too high what should a Pilot do?
Close the Throttle.
If Taxi Speed is too high what should a Pilot NOT do?
Use Brakes against Throttle.
When should Brakes be tested by the Pilot?
- Immediately once the Aircraft has moved from Parking Position
- Occasionally during taxiing to the runway.
How does a Pilot steering when Taxiing?
Rudder which controls the nose gear.
When Taxiing what is needed in strong Headwind conditions?
More Power.
What position should the Control Yoke/Wheel be held under strong Headwind conditions?
Neutral.
When Taxiing what is needed in strong Tailwind conditions?
Less Power.
What position should the Control Yoke/Wheel be held under strong Tailwind conditions?
Forward of Neutral.
Why can a High/Low Wing Aircraft nose over during strong Tailwinds?
Centre of Gravity is always ahead of main wheels.
What Flight Controls Surfaces should be used to counter-act strong Crosswinds?
- Ailerons.
- Rudder.
What should a pilot do when facing strong Crosswinds from ahead while Taxiing?
- Move Ailerons into the wind for Balance.
- Use Rudder to counter-act any Yawning.
What should a pilot do when facing strong Crosswinds from behind while Taxiing?
- Move Ailerons into downwind for Balance.
- Use Rudder to counter-act any Yawning.
- Control Wheel slightly Forward.
Define Weathercooking?
The tendency of an Aircraft to Yaw until the nose is point into wind.
Why are Takeoffs made into wind?
It gives the shortest takeoff/ground run.
Name the 3 phases of Takeoff?
- Takeoff Run.
- Lift-off/Rotation.
- Transition to Climb.
What is the primary aim of a Takeoff?
The lift-off in the shortest distance possible.
What does Rotation mean?
Is the act of pulling the Control Yoke/Wheel back to increase Angle of Attack.
At what height is a Takeoff completed?
50 Feet.
What happens to the Aircraft during Crosswind Takeoff?
The Aircraft will Yaw to the direction of the wind.
How does a Pilot counteract Crosswind during Takeoff?
Use Rudder in opposite direction of wind.
How does a Pilot counteract strong Upwind Wing during Takeoff/Landings?
Moving Ailerons into the Wind.
How should a Pilot counteract ‘drift’ once airborne from a Crosswind Takeoff?
The nose must be yawned into the wind.
What is classed as a ‘normal’ Approach?
Use of some Power and Flaps.
Why should a Pilot use some power during Approach for Landing?
- Better Control on Approach Flight Path.
- Keeps Engine warm in case of Go-Around.
Why should a Pilot use Flaps during an Approach for Landing?
- Reduces Stalling Speed.
- Allows Steeper Approach Path reducing the Landing Distance.
- Improves Forward Vision.
Similar to Takeoffs, if possible, a Pilot should do what with Landings?
Land into-wind.
Name the 3 phases of Landing?
- Flare and Hold-off.
- Touchdown.
- Landing Run or Roll.
Define Wheelbarrowing?
Too much weight on the Nose-Wheel.
When is Wheelbarrowing most common?
An Approach with Full Flaps lowered and at excessive Speed.
What action should a Pilot perform when an Aircraft is Wheelbarrowing?
Relax Forward Pressure on the Control Yoke/Wheel.
Define Go-Around?
When a pilot abandons a Landing and proceeds to takeoff immediately.
Why should a Pilot practise Glide Approaches/Landings?
To prepare for the event of forced Landings.
When conducting a Glide Approach what are the two main aspects a Pilot should be aware of?
- Selecting the Descent Point on Base Leg.
- Judging the points to progressively lower the flaps.
Why should a Pilot practise Flapless Landings?
To prepare for the event of Flap Failure.
What common error is made during Flapless Landings?
The Aircraft being too high for the aiming point.
The Approach path is what during a Flapless Approach?
Flat.
What should pilots be aware of when conducting a Flapless Approach upon touchdown?
Increased in Landing Roll.
At what percentage of excess to the stall speed will cause problems during Crosswind Takeoff/Landings?
25%.
What should a pilot know for any Takeoff/Landings into Crosswind?
The Aircraft’s maximum Crosswind Component.
On Approach, a decrease in Headwind Component will affect the Aircraft in what way? And how does a pilot counteract this (2)?
- Decrease in Airspeed which will increase the Rate of Descent and could cause the Aircraft to undershoot the runway.
- A Pilot should add power to correct the Rate of Descent.
On Approach, an increase in Headwind Component will affect the Aircraft in what way? And how does a pilot counteract this (2)?
- Increase in Airspeed which will decrease the Rate of Descent and could cause the Aircraft to overshoot the runway.
- A Pilot should reduce power to correct the Rate of Descent.
What is Undershoot Shear?
Undershooting the Runway due to a decrease in Headwind Component.
What is Overshoot Shear?
Overshooting the Runway due to an increase in Headwind Component.
What is the outcome of Ground Effect during Takeoffs?
Decrease in Lift and Increase in Drag.
What is the outcome of Ground Effect during Landings?
Increase in Lift and decrease in Drag.
