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PPL Course - (1) First Solo > Chapter 5.2 - Engine Systems & Instruments > Flashcards

Chapter 5.2 - Engine Systems & Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 main engine systems?

A
  • Ignition-Starter System.
  • Induction and Carburettor System.
  • Fuel System.
  • Lubrication System.
  • Cooling System.
  • Exhaust System.
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2
Q

Why should a pilot perform a Magneto check before flight?

A

To ensure each Magneto, its Spark Plugs and Ignition Switch are functioning correctly.

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3
Q

When performing a Magneto check what should be expected?

A

A slight drop in RPM.

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4
Q

What should you do if the Magneto check RPM drop is too large?

A

Stop the Engine as one or more Spark Plugs may not be firing.

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5
Q

What should you do if the Magneto check RPM has no drop?

A

Stop the Engine as Magneto and/or Ignition Switch may be fault.

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6
Q

What should you do if there is a ‘dead cut’ (engine stops) during Magneto check?

A

Stop the Engine as one of the Magneto is not working.

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7
Q

What’s the name of the device which helps Magneto?

A

Impulse Coupling.

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8
Q

What’s the main function of Impulse Coupling?

A

To provide a hot, retarded spark for easy starting of the Engine.

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9
Q

What’s the purpose of the Induction System?

A

To duct the air from the Engine to the Fuel Control Unit and then to the Cylinders.

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10
Q

What is an Air-Filter in the Induction System?

A

To remove solid matter from the air.

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11
Q

What is an Intake Duct in the Induction System?

A

Connects the filter to the Fuel Control Unit.

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12
Q

What is an Inlet Manifold in the Induction System?

A

Distributes Fuel-Air mixture from the Carburettor to the each Cylinders.

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13
Q

What is an Alternate Air Valve in the Induction System?

A

A Valve that opens if the filter becomes blocked.

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14
Q

What is a Carburettor Air Control Valve in the Induction System?

A

Manually-operated Valve that shuts off the filtered air and allows heated fresh air to enter the intake duct.

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15
Q

Define ‘Ram-Air’?

A

The air entering the intake duct through the air filter.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Carburation System?

A

To control the amount of air drawn into the Engine and the correct fuel required for engine operating conditions.

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17
Q

What’s the correct fuel to mix with air ratio (Chemically Correct Mixture – CCM)?

A

1:15.

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18
Q

What does it mean when fuel mixture is Rich?

A

Contains more fuel than the reference mixture.

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19
Q

What does it mean when fuel mixture is Lean?

A

Contains less fuel than the reference mixture.

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20
Q

Best/Cruise Power for Engine Performance is achieved with what fuel/air mixture?

A

Slightly Richer than Chemically Correct Ratio.

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21
Q

Low Engine Speeds or Idling is achieved with what fuel/air mixture?

A

Much Richer than Chemically Correct Ratio.

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22
Q

Name the 3 components of a Carburation System?

A
  • Fuel Control Unit.
  • Throttle ‘butterfly’ Valve.
  • Mixture Control Mechanism.
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23
Q

How does a Pilot stop the Engine?

A

By pushing the Mixture Control lever to IDLE CUT-OFF Position.

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24
Q

What is the purpose of the Fuel System?

A

To provide a storage of fuel and supply adequate flow to the Carburettor/Fuel Injection Unit.

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25
Q

Where are Fuel Tanks on an Aircraft?

A

Wings.

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26
Q

How is Fuel fed to an Engine in Low-Wing Aircrafts?

A

Engine-driven Fuel Pump to the Carburettor.

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27
Q

How is Fuel fed to an Engine in High-Wing Aircrafts?

A

Gravity-fed to the Carburettor.

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28
Q

Name two types of Pumps in a Pump-fed System on Low-Wing Aircrafts?

A
  • Engine-driven.

- Electrically-driven.

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29
Q

Electric boost pumps much be switched on during what (3)?

A
  • Takeoffs.
  • Landings.
  • Switching Fuel Tanks.
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30
Q

When switching Fuel Tanks in a Pump-fed System what must stay on?

A

Electric Boost Pump.

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31
Q

What are the two fuel grades used in Australia?

A
  • 100/130.

- 100 LL.

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32
Q

What colour is 100/130 fuel grade?

A

Green.

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33
Q

What colour is 100 LL fuel grade?

A

Blue.

34
Q

True or False. AVTUR can be used in Piston Engines?

A

False. Can only be used for Jet Turbines.

35
Q

What will happening in the event of a failure to the Engine-driven Fuel Pump (2)?

A
  • Zero Fuel Pressure.

- Engine Failure.

36
Q

In the case of a failure to the Engine-driven Fuel Pump, what should a Pilot do?

A

Land as soon as possible.

37
Q

When will a failure to the Electric Boost Pump become apparent to a Pilot?

A

During starting.

38
Q

Fuel Vaporisation can cause Vapour Locks in the System which can then lead to what?

A

Fuel Starvation.

39
Q

What factors can cause Vapour Locks (2)?

A
  • Low Atmospheric Pressure.

- High Temperatures.

40
Q

Fuel of a lower grade than specified for an Engine will increase what?

A

Risk of Detonation.

41
Q

Fuel of a higher grade than specified for an Engine will increase what?

A

Quantities of Lead.

42
Q

Name three contaminants that reduce the quality of fuel?

A
  • Water.
  • Other Petroleum Products.
  • Solid Matter.
43
Q

What type of Fuel Contamination can occur on the surfaces of the Fuel Storage Tanks?

A

Rust and Scale.

44
Q

How can Dirt and Dust enter Fuel Storage Tanks?

A

Through uncovered tanks.

45
Q

When should a Pilot check for Water contamination in Fuel Tanks?

A

Before the first flight of the day and after refuelling.

46
Q

Name two advantages of filling Fuel Tanks for overnight storage?

A
  • Minimises Water Contamination.

- Reduces Fire Hazard.

47
Q

What is the purpose of the Lubrication System?

A

Reduce Friction and Heat Generation by lubricating the moving parts of an Engine.

48
Q

What secondary effect does the Lubrication System have?

A

Reduces some of the heat from Combustion in the Cylinders and aids in Engine Cooling.

49
Q

Which Lubrication system is used in Light Training Aircrafts and where can this be found?

A

Wet-sump System located under the Crankcase (bottom of the Engine).

50
Q

What’s the function of an Oil Cooler?

A

To supply Oil to an Engine within a specified temperature range.

51
Q

What can a blocked Oil Cooler lead to?

A

Engine Overheating.

52
Q

What two properties should Oil for lubricating an Engine have?

A
  • Correct Additives.

- Correct Viscosity.

53
Q

When must Engine Oil Level be checked?

A

During Pre-Flight Inspection.

54
Q

How can a Pilot check the Engine Oil Level?

A

By using an Oil Filler Cap/Dipstick via the Engine Cowling.

55
Q

Having Oil below the minimum will result in?

A

Engine Overheating.

56
Q

Having Oil above the maximum can increase the possibility of?

A

Spark Plug Fouling due to Oil being burnt in the Cylinders.

57
Q

How can a Pilot tell if Oil is being burnt in the Cylinders of an Engine?

A

Blue smoke from the Exhaust.

58
Q

What is the purpose of the Cooling System?

A

To provide cool air to the cylinders of the Engine and prevents Engine Overheat.

59
Q

How can a Pilot increase the amount of cool air to the Engine?

A

By opening the Cowl Flaps.

60
Q

What can happen to the Engine if Cowl Flaps malfunction?

A

Engine Overheat.

61
Q

Which Cockpit Instruments can be used to identify if an Engine is Overheating/Cooler than normal (2)?

A
  • Cylinder Head Temperature Gauge.

- Oil Temperature Gauge.

62
Q

How can a Pilot cool an Engine without Cowl Flaps (2)?

A
  • Increase Airspeed.

- Reduce Power.

63
Q

How can a Pilot heat an Engine if Cowl Flaps are stuck open?

A
  • Decrease Airspeed.

- Increase Power.

64
Q

Name three Engine Instruments?

A
  • Tachometer.
  • Oil Pressure and Temperature Gauges.
  • Fuel Quantity and Pressure Gauges.
65
Q

What should a Pilot do in the event of the Tachometer failing?

A

Land as soon as possible.

66
Q

A complete loss of Fuel Pressure means?

A

The Engine-driven Fuel Pump is not working.

67
Q

What should a Pilot do if the Engine-driven Fuel Pump fails (2)?

A
  • Switch on the Emergency Boost Pump.

- Land as soon as possible.

68
Q

What does a gradual loss of Fuel Pressure indicate?

A

A blocked Fuel Vent.

69
Q

At normal power settings, low Oil Pressures can warn the Pilot of?

A

Insufficient Oil Pressure in the Engine to maintain adequate Lubrication.

70
Q

Low Oil Pressures may only indicate a faulty Oil Pressure Gauge. If the gauge is faulty, how can a Pilot be sure of this?

A

Oil Temperature Gauge is reading Normal.

71
Q

If a sudden loss of Oil Pressure is accompanied by a rise in Oil Temperature, there is good reason to suspect what?

A

Imminent Engine Failure.

72
Q

What factors can lead to abnormally High Oil Temperature readings (4)?

A
  • Low Oil Quantity.
  • Oil Cooler Blockage.
  • Faulty Temperature Gauge.
  • Incorrect Oil Type.
73
Q

Low Oil Quantity is the only factor of High Oil Temperature that can lead to what?

A

Engine Failure.

74
Q

How can a Pilot reduce High Oil Temperatures (3)?

A
  • Reduce Power/Increase Airspeed.
  • Ensure Rich Mixture.
  • Open Cowl Flaps.
75
Q

What damage can occur with High Oil Temperatures?

A

Engine Overheating.

76
Q

Fluctuating Oil Pressure accompanied by High Oil Temperature reading is likely caused by what?

A

Low Oil Quantity.

77
Q

What does CHT stand for?

A

Cylinder Heat Temperature.

78
Q

Continuous operation of an Engine with High Cylinder Heat Temperature readings will result in what (4)?

A
  • Excessive Oil Consumption.
  • Loss of Engine Power.
  • Engine Detonation.
  • Engine Overheating.
79
Q

How can a Pilot reduce High Cylinder Heat Temperature readings (in order)?

A
  • Enrich Fuel Mixture.
  • Open Cowl Flaps.
  • Reduce Power and Increase Airspeed.
80
Q

What does EGT stand for?

A

Exhaust Gas Temperature.

PPL Course - (1) First Solo (31 decks)

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