Chapter 7 powerpoint

Question 1

a general term for all of the academic disciplines that study human and animal behavior by means of experimental research

Answer 1

behavior science

Question 2

What is Miles Law?

Answer 2

“Where you stand depends on where you sit”

Question 3

Who created Mile’s Law?

Answer 3

Rufus E. Miles Jr.

Question 4

Who is known as the Manager in the Bureau of the Budget?

Answer 4

Rufus E. Miles Jr.

Question 5

Who is synonymous with the 1978 Public Administration Review?

Answer 5

Rufus E. Miles Jr.

Question 6

What changed in the 1960’s in term of organizational behavior?

Answer 6

In the 1960s a “humanistic” form of thinking about organizations grew and so did the belief that organizational growth and development would flow from employee creativity and prosperity.

Question 7

Organizational discourse moved from a more __________- centered mode to a more _________-centered one.

Answer 7

authoritarian

employee

Question 8

_____ __________ pioneered the application of psychological findings from laboratory experiments to organizational behavior.

Answer 8

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 9

Organizational Development (OD) is about what?

Answer 9

Planned and deep organizational adaptation and change.

Question 10

Organizational Development (OD) has its origin in the ________ ________ and in the organizational behavior change processes that came out of the studies of ______ _______ and associates.

Answer 10

Hawthorne Studies

Kurt Lewin

Question 11

List the major understandings of organizational behaviors.

Answer 11

1. Group Behavior
2. Organization Develop
3. Personality
4. Bureaucratic Structor
5. Motivation
6. Future Organizations

Question 12

What are the three major characteristics of organizational behavior (found under theories of group behavior)?

Answer 12

1. Group Dynamics
2. Group Think
3. Brainstorming

Question 13

what are scientific observations of group behavior unearthed a subfield showing how groups interacted in organizations?

Answer 13

group dynamics

Question 14

Group dynamics explained how ______ and _______ can create group cohesion and stability.

Answer 14

norms and values

Question 15

Group dynamics explained how norms and values can create group ________ and ________.

Answer 15

cohesion

stability

Question 16

Who developed the concept of group think?

Answer 16

Irving Janis

Question 17

What is group think?

Answer 17

showed how strict adherence to groups norms lead to over-conformity and rigidity, and is a pathology of organizations

Question 18

Who created the idea of brainstorming?

Answer 18

Alex Osborne

Question 19

What is the antidote to group think?

Answer 19

brainstorming

Question 20

Who is responsible for the idea of the impact personality can have in public administration?

Answer 20

Chris Argyis

Question 21

What is the idea of impact of personality in public administration?

Answer 21

inherent conflict between the personalities of mature individuals and the needs of the organization, and that organizations tended to treat employees like children.

Question 22

This mode (impact of personality) is often seen in authoritarian structures that leads to job ____________ and ___________.

Answer 22

dissatisfaction

ineffectiveness

Question 23

What are the four major theories of motivation?

Answer 23

1. Hawthorne Studies
2. Needs Hierarchy
3. Motivation-Hygiene
4. Theory X & Theory Y

Question 24

What are the Hawthorne Studies (experiments)?

Answer 24

The results of these experiments work showed that workplaces are social situations: workers are motivated by peer pressure, attention by leaders, and other complex factors unrelated to remuneration

Question 25

Who created the needs hierarchy?

Answer 25

Abraham Maslow

Question 26

List the sections of Maslow's needs hierarchy in order from lowest to highest.

Answer 26

survival needs social needs self-actualization

Question 27

Who created the Motivation Hygiene theory of motivation?

Answer 27

Herzberg

Question 28

What is the Motivation Hygiene theory of motivation?

Answer 28

Job content factors such as achievement, advancement and responsibility are motivators as they lead to growth & self-actualization. Working conditions, on the other hand, such as pay & benefits, are hygiene factors because they prevent unpleasantness

Question 29

What study determined the Five Factors of determiners of satisfaction?

Answer 29

“The Motivation to Work”

Question 30

List the Five Factors that determine satisfaction according to the study “The Motivation to Work”.

Answer 30

- achievement - recogniton - work itself - responsibility - advancement

Question 31

Explain the "Theory X & Theory Y" of motivation.

Answer 31

Theory X vision tend to be authoritarian, believing that people are lazy & irresponsible. Theory Y managers believe in the goodness of human beings & that it is natural for people to work hard and creatively, if there is meaning in work.

Question 32

Who created the "Theory X & Theory Y" motivation theory?

Answer 32

McGregor

Question 33

What are the three major impacts of bureaucratic structure on behavior (under major theories of bureaucratic behavior)?

Answer 33

1. Bureaucratic Dysfunction: 2. Bureaucratic Impersonality 3. Bureaucratic Bashing

Question 34

What does Thompson call a person who gains power/authority through position not innovation?

Answer 34

"bureaupath"

Question 35

________ calls a type of individual who gains power/authority through position not innovation, "bureau path".

Answer 35

Thompson

Question 36

How is a bureaucracy dysfunctional?

Answer 36

Bureaucratic structure stresses de-personalized relationships, & power/ authority gained by position, not innovation.

Question 37

______ _______ saw dehumanization as part of the ideal bureaucracy.

Answer 37

Max Weber

Question 38

Who created the idea of Bureaucratic Impersonality?

Answer 38

Max Weber

Question 39

What are the three major advantages of bureaucratic impersonality?

Answer 39

1. It increases organizational effectiveness by enabling administrators to do things that are otherwise difficult for people to do 2. efficiency also sufferes when emotions or personal considerations influence administrative decisions 3. impersonality tends to produce relatively evenhanded rule application

Question 40

During the _________ years bureaucratic bashing was fashionable.

Answer 40

Reagan

Question 41

During the Reagan years bureaucratic ________ was fashionable.

Answer 41

bashing

Question 42

During the Reagan years bureaucratic bashing was _________.

Answer 42

fashionable

Question 43

Both _______ and ________ found the bureaucracy bloated and eliminated many positions.

Answer 43

Reagan | Clinton

Question 44

Both Reagan and Clinton found the bureaucracy ________ and eliminated many ________.

Answer 44

bloated | positions

Question 45

Who created the idea of feminist perspective?

Answer 45

Joan Acker

Question 46

What is the feminist perspective in public administration?

Answer 46

The thought that long-standing male control of organizations has been accompanied and maintained by male perspectives of organization theory. Thus it has been mainly through male lenses the we see and analyze organizations

Question 47

What are the four sets of gendered processes perpetuate this male reality of organizations?

Answer 47

1. Gender divisions that produce gender patterning of jobs 2. Creation of masculine organizational symbols and images 3. Interactions characterized by dominance and subordination 4. The internal and mental network of individuals as they consciously construct their understandings of the organization’s gender structure of work and opportunity and the demands for gender appropriate behaviors and attitudes