Chapter 4 Powerpoint

Question 1

The US was originally a _______ _________ of independent states that delegated powers only on selected issues to the central government.

Answer 1

loose confederation

Question 2

why is a loose confederation a weak form of government?

Answer 2

it has few delegated powers and limited authority

Question 3

define Shay’s rebellion?

Answer 3

farmers who rebelled over taxation in the late 1700’s

Question 4

The written constitution divided up powers between central government and states and assigning specific powers to each. Such powers cannot be changed unilaterally without _________.

Answer 4

legislation

Question 5

List the three categories of government around the world, and an example of each..

Answer 5

1. unitary-such as the United Kingdom
2. confederations- the European Community of Sovereign States
3. federal-the United States

Question 6

A true federal system must have what features?

Answer 6

1. a written consitution that divides powers between the central government and the constituent governments
2. level of government, through their own instrumentalities, exercising power directly over citizens
3. a constitution distribution of powers that cannot be changed unilaterally (by one person)

Question 7

define the evolution of the term federalism.

Answer 7

1. dual federalism: separate government no longer exists
2. cooperative federalism: collaborative relationships
3. creative federalism: federal bypassed states and gave grants to local governments
4. new federalism: attempted to return state’s autonomy, yet retained strong central government
5. new, new federalism: an attempt an revenue sharing

Question 8

who invented new, new federalism?

Answer 8

Ronald Reagan

Question 9

who is generally considered the father of economics?

Answer 9

Adam Smith

Question 10

who is credited with the idea of macroeconomics?

Answer 10

John Maynarkeen

Question 11

who initiated the great society and what is it?

Answer 11

Lindon Johnson

The War on poverty

Question 12

list the three concepts that explain intergovernmental management?

Answer 12

1. picket fence federalism
2. council governments (COGs)
3. cost of compliance

Question 13

What is “picket fence” federalism?

Answer 13

Bureaucratic specialists interact constanly w/ each other, at all govt. and occupational levels.
They are pickets. Whereas elected officials (the bosses) come and go, and are the vertical slarts in the picket fence

Question 14

What is a council of governments (COGs)?

Answer 14

represnt any multi-jurisdictional units across governments. To provide for water, etc., that effect a region as a whole.

Question 15

Sometimes the COGS are special ________ w/ _______ authority

Answer 15

districts

taxing

Question 16

what is cost of compliance?

Answer 16

Compliance with mandates from upper levels can be costly and impede smooth IG relations.

Question 17

What is the Williamsburg Resolve, when was it held, who held it, and by whom?

Answer 17

a document to call for the return of power from the federal government to the states.
It was held in 1994 by republican governors at Williamsburg, Virginia.

Question 18

true or false: The “Williamsburg Resolve”, was not passed by an overwhelming majority.

Answer 18

false, it passed by an overhweming majority

Question 19

Why did many people call the Williamsburg Resolve hypocritical?

Answer 19

It appeared that the Republican governors were saying that they wanted federal money without federal mandates (strings)!

Question 20

What is public choice theory?

Answer 20

the theory that citizens are consumers. Therefore government should have to compete to win customer (citizen).

Question 21

people who support public choice theory are usually __________.

Answer 21

anti-federal

Question 22

public choice advocates want to increase the ________ of the individual voter and maximize “____-____ ________” (fees for services).

Answer 22

discretion

user-pay systems

Question 23

what are solution that public choice theory presents?

Answer 23

• it rejects the welfare economics that arouse out of the New Deal
• questions whether such federal intervention really is
• its exponents feel that governmental action and expenditures should be placed at the lowest level of government (the local level)

Question 24

What phase of Federalism is associated with the expansion of the Federal Goverrnment, The New Deal, FDR,etc.?

Answer 24

Cooperative Federalism

Question 25

privatization refers to what qualitites?

Answer 25

• selling governmnet assets
• financing public facilities
• private provision of services

Question 26

what are advantages and disadvantages of a federal system of government?

Answer 26

advantages:
-As a Protection Against Tyranny
-Increasing Citizen Participation
-Diffusing Power
-Innovation in Law and Policy is Encouraged
-More Efficient
-Conflict Management
-State Governments Can be More Responsive to Citizen Needs
disadvantages:
-It had a History of Protecting Slavery and Segregation
-It Allows for Inequalities Between Different States
-The Blockage of Nationalist Policies by States
-Racing to the Bottom

Question 27

why are mandates such a cause of friction in intergovernmental relations?

Answer 27

• Often mandates direct details that local governments are not happy to comply with, such as equal treatment with regard to race, gender.
• Sometimes mandates are requirements not funded, which really puts pressure on local and state governments
• Sometimes mandates require social or cultural change, and localities are not happy to change.