Chapter 4 Powerpoint Flashcards
The US was originally a _______ _________ of independent states that delegated powers only on selected issues to the central government.
loose confederation
why is a loose confederation a weak form of government?
it has few delegated powers and limited authority
define Shay’s rebellion?
farmers who rebelled over taxation in the late 1700’s
The written constitution divided up powers between central government and states and assigning specific powers to each. Such powers cannot be changed unilaterally without _________.
legislation
List the three categories of government around the world, and an example of each..
- unitary-such as the United Kingdom
- confederations- the European Community of Sovereign States
- federal-the United States
A true federal system must have what features?
- a written consitution that divides powers between the central government and the constituent governments
- level of government, through their own instrumentalities, exercising power directly over citizens
- a constitution distribution of powers that cannot be changed unilaterally (by one person)
define the evolution of the term federalism.
- dual federalism: separate government no longer exists
- cooperative federalism: collaborative relationships
- creative federalism: federal bypassed states and gave grants to local governments
- new federalism: attempted to return state’s autonomy, yet retained strong central government
- new, new federalism: an attempt an revenue sharing
who invented new, new federalism?
Ronald Reagan
who is generally considered the father of economics?
Adam Smith
who is credited with the idea of macroeconomics?
John Maynarkeen
who initiated the great society and what is it?
Lindon Johnson
The War on poverty
list the three concepts that explain intergovernmental management?
- picket fence federalism
- council governments (COGs)
- cost of compliance
What is “picket fence” federalism?
Bureaucratic specialists interact constanly w/ each other, at all govt. and occupational levels.
They are pickets. Whereas elected officials (the bosses) come and go, and are the vertical slarts in the picket fence
What is a council of governments (COGs)?
represnt any multi-jurisdictional units across governments. To provide for water, etc., that effect a region as a whole.
Sometimes the COGS are special ________ w/ _______ authority
districts
taxing
what is cost of compliance?
Compliance with mandates from upper levels can be costly and impede smooth IG relations.
What is the Williamsburg Resolve, when was it held, who held it, and by whom?
a document to call for the return of power from the federal government to the states.
It was held in 1994 by republican governors at Williamsburg, Virginia.
true or false: The “Williamsburg Resolve”, was not passed by an overwhelming majority.
false, it passed by an overhweming majority
Why did many people call the Williamsburg Resolve hypocritical?
It appeared that the Republican governors were saying that they wanted federal money without federal mandates (strings)!
What is public choice theory?
the theory that citizens are consumers. Therefore government should have to compete to win customer (citizen).
people who support public choice theory are usually __________.
anti-federal
public choice advocates want to increase the ________ of the individual voter and maximize “____-____ ________” (fees for services).
discretion
user-pay systems
what are solution that public choice theory presents?
- it rejects the welfare economics that arouse out of the New Deal
- questions whether such federal intervention really is
- its exponents feel that governmental action and expenditures should be placed at the lowest level of government (the local level)
What phase of Federalism is associated with the expansion of the Federal Goverrnment, The New Deal, FDR,etc.?
Cooperative Federalism
privatization refers to what qualitites?
- selling governmnet assets
- financing public facilities
- private provision of services
what are advantages and disadvantages of a federal system of government?
advantages:
-As a Protection Against Tyranny
-Increasing Citizen Participation
-Diffusing Power
-Innovation in Law and Policy is Encouraged
-More Efficient
-Conflict Management
-State Governments Can be More Responsive to Citizen Needs
disadvantages:
-It had a History of Protecting Slavery and Segregation
-It Allows for Inequalities Between Different States
-The Blockage of Nationalist Policies by States
-Racing to the Bottom
why are mandates such a cause of friction in intergovernmental relations?
- Often mandates direct details that local governments are not happy to comply with, such as equal treatment with regard to race, gender.
- Sometimes mandates are requirements not funded, which really puts pressure on local and state governments
- Sometimes mandates require social or cultural change, and localities are not happy to change.
