Chapter 1 terms Flashcards
The leading authority on the constitutional aspects of public employment. His paradigm of public administration as the intersection of management, politics, and law has become a standard way to analyze and teach the subject.
David H. Rosenbloom
the ceremonial head of a government, such as a king, queen, or president. This is in contrast to the chief executive of a government, such as a prime minister, chancellor, or president. The American presidency combines in one office-one person- the roles of chief of state and chief executive.
chief of state
a welfare program designed to improve the nutrition of the poor. Administered by the department of agriculture and state and local welfare organizations, the programs provides coupons (stamps) that can be used to pay for food at many grocery stores.
food stamps
a worldwide organization that seeks to gain the release of political and religious prisoners by publicizing their plights and by lobbying governments. It has been especially effective in exposing cases of government sanctioned torture. In 1972 the organization was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
Amnesty International
the preeminent historian of the academic field of public administration
Dwight Waldo
The federal agency created by the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 to conduct research on problems of flight and to explore outer space.
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
The process of returning to the private sector property (such as public lands) or functions (such as trash collection, fire protection) previously owned or performed by government
privatization
putting a government program into effect; the total process of translating a legal mandate into appropriate program directives and structures that provide services or create goods
implementation
any individual, group, or organization that seeks to influence legislation or administrative action
lobby
a journalist who went beyond being the preeminent political pundit of his time to being a political philosopher who wrote pioneering analyses of public opinion and foreign policy
Walter Lippmann
one of the most influential of the pre-World War II scholars of public administration. His Group Representation Before Congress (1929) was one of the pioneering works in the study of pressure groups. His Public Administration and the Public Interest (1936) remains a major analysis of the relations between government agencies and their constituencies
E. Pendelton Herring
the British political philosopher and member of parliament who is often referred to as the father of conservative thought
Edmund Burke
a story illustrative of the principle that maximization of private gain will not result in the maximization of social benefit. When herdsmen sought to maximize individual gain by adding cattle to the common, it caused overgrazing, with the result that the common could no longer be used for grazing at all. The concepts involved with the tragedy of the commons apply to societal problems.
Tragedy of the Commons
The American Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944. It provided low-interest, no down payment home mortgages and education benefits that allowed a whole generation of working class veterans to go to college and advance into the middle class.
GI Bill
The National Railroad Passenger Corp., the federally subsidized corporation created in 1970 to operate intercity rail passenger service.
Amtrak
a legislative act that deals with the citizenry as a whole; a statute that applies to all. This is in contrast to a private law that affects only one person or group.
public law
the presiding officer of a legislative such as a House of Representatives or a House of Commons, elected by its members.
speaker
the domestic programs and policies of the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was president from 1933 to 1945
new deal
any court’s power to review executive actions, legislative acts, or decisions of lower courts (or quasi-judicial entities, such as arbitration panels) to either confirm or overturn them.
judicial review
a governing system in which a legislature freely chosen by the people exercises substantial power on their behalf.
representative government
historically, an informal organization that controlled the formal processes of a government through corruption, patronage, intimidation, and service to its constituents.
political machine
a local political functionary
ward heeler
a political doctrine holding that a government should do little more than provide protection; other than that, it should not interfere- for either good or ill- in the lives of citizens
libertarianism
one who believes that reason and logic are the only means to knowledge, that self-interest determines ethics, and that capitalism should prevail in society
objectivist
a person who supports outmoded ideas of the past; a derogatory reference to political malcontents who yearn for a previous status quo.
reactionary
adherence to a political disposition that prefers the status quo and accepts change only in moderation.
conservatism
an inconsistency in the tax laws, intentional or unintentional, that allows the avoidance of some taxes
tax loophole
the french journalist who is considered the intellectual father of anarchism
Pierre- Joseph Proudhon
George Washington’s aide during the Revolutionary War. A supporter of a strong national government, coauthored the Federalist Papers to help get the Constitution ratified. When Washington became president, he made Hamilton secretary of the treasury
Alexander Hamilton
an army’s highest-ranking officer
chief of state
specialists who assist line managers in carrying out their duties. Generally, staff units do not have the power of decision, command, or control of operations. Rather they make recommendations (which may or may not be adopted) to executives and line managers
staff
a supporting role in Shakespeare’s Hamlet’ Laertes and Hamlet have the big sword fight in the final act
Laertes
a french term meaning “nobility obliges”; the notion that the nobles (or those of the upper class) have a special obligation to serve society
noblesse oblige
those who staunchly believe that citizens should take care of their own economic needs and not be dependent on government for the necessities of life. Rugged individualists also tend to oppose paternalistic government welfare programs out of concern that the poor will have their character undermined. This philosophy was most associated with Presidents Hoover and Reagan
Rugged Indiviualists
before Wilson became president of the United States (1913-1921), he was a professor of history and political Woodrow science who rose to be president of Princeton University (1902-1910) and governor of New Jersey (1911-1913)
Woodrow Wilson
while the term has its origins in religious concepts that argued for the infinite improbability of the human condition, by the end of the nineteenth century it had come to refer to a political and cultural movement that focused on reforming industrialized societies to provide for greater democratic participation, and the application of science and specialized knowledge to the improvement of life
Progressive movement
the University of Chicago professor who wrote the first public administration text in 1926. He is the author of the standard administrative histories of the U.S. government in the nineteenth century.
Leonard White
that area of London between Trafalgar and Parliament Squares in which government buildings have historically (since the time of Henry VIII) been concentrated. Thus it has come to refer to the most senior members of the British civil service.
Whitehall
the Moscow citadel where the main offices of the Russian government are located
Kremlin
