Chapter 7, Political Clubs, Flight to Varennes

Question 1

What are 4 political clubs that emerged c. experiment of constitutional monarchy (1789-92)?

Answer 1

Noble faction - ex: Les Actes des Apôtres
Sociétié 89
Jacobins
Cordeliers club

Question 2

What did the noble faction defend?

Answer 2

Constitutional monarchy

Question 3

What is the name of one of the groups in the noble faction?
Where did they meet?
How were they active?

Answer 3

Les Actes des Apôtres
The Salon Francais
Produced 3 pamphlet issues weekly from Nov 1789

Question 4

Who founded the Sociétié 89?
What did it support?

Answer 4

Sieyes
Const monarchy

Question 5

Who were members of the Sociétié 89?
Why?

Answer 5

Wealthy moderates
Lafayette
Mirabeau
High entry fee

Question 6

What 2 political clubs were left wing?
Why did one of them become more radical from 1791 through its type of members?

Answer 6

Jacobins
Cordeliers Club
Members initially deputies - members rapidly grew - mainly bourgeoisie - fees high - reduced & lower classes joined

Question 7

What was the Jacobin club formerly known as?

Answer 7

Breton club, founded May 1789

Question 8

How was the jacobin club active?
How many affiliate clubs did the jacobins have by 1790?

Answer 8

Met daily after Assembly proceedings
152

Question 9

When was the Cordeliers club formed?
By who?
Who was a notable member?

Answer 9

April 1790
Danton & Desmoulins
Marat

Question 10

What was the aim of the Cordeliers Club?
Where were a lot of its clubs?

Answer 10

Protect citizen rights & keep watch in Assembly activities
Paris

Question 11

What was the entry fee for the Cordeliers Club?
Who was eligible to join?

Answer 11

Minimum
Open to all: passive citizens & women

Question 12

What we’re the ideas of the Cordeliers club?

Answer 12

Radical democratic & republican ideas

Question 13

How did the membership of the political clubs make them influential?

Answer 13

Range - assembly members to Parisian workers

Question 14

How were political clubs able to influence Assembly decisions?

Answer 14

Platform for propaganda - often delivered views to assembly in petitions

Question 15

How did the political clubs’ pamphlets increase their revolutionary influence?

Answer 15

Reached out to ordinary people
Public readings, extracts on walls, proclaimed in streets

Question 16

Who were the 3 dominant politician-journalists?
What did they all found?

Answer 16

Desmoulins
Marat
Hébert
Own papers

Question 17

When was Desmoulins’ published?
What was its cost?
Who did it reach?
What did it attack?

Answer 17

1789-1791
Fairly low-cost
Nationwide
Monarchy

Question 18

When was Marat’s paper published?
Who was it popular & influential among?

Answer 18

1789-93
Working Parisians

Question 19

When was Hébert’s paper published?
Who was it popular with?
Why was it popular with higher classes?

Answer 19

1791-94
Workers & some higher classes
Wanted to be seen as true to the rev

Question 20

By 1791, how was authority fragmented in France?

Answer 20

Power split, undermined & confused

Question 21

By 1791, what power did the king hold?
What was royal authority undermined by?
How was this factor split?

Answer 21

Executive power
The Assembly
Left, centre & right

Question 22

How was Louis situation intolerable leading to the flight to Varennes?

Answer 22

‘Prisoner’ in Tuileries
Civil constitution of the clergy
Radical political clubs
National Assembly supporter Mirabeau died April 1791
Wife & sister urged king to take action to resist rev movement

Question 23

Who were louis & Marie Antoinette in contact with that supported/encouraged the flight?
Why?

Answer 23

Emigre nobles
Wanted Louis to assert his authority

Question 24

Who assured Louis and Marie Antoinette they would help with the flight?
How?

Answer 24

Marie Antoinette brother, Leopold, king of Austria
Troops along French border under his control

Question 25

Who did Leopold succeed to the Austrian throne?
When?

Answer 25

Joseph II
1790

Question 26

What triggered the flight?

Answer 26

Incident as Saint-Cloud

Question 27

What were Louis’ & advisers intensions for the flight?

Answer 27

Direct military action from a secure place
To induce revs to settle with him

Question 28

When was the flight to Varennes?

Answer 28

Night of 20/21 June 1791

Question 29

How did Louis’ family travel during the flight?
What was this in despite of?

Answer 29

Travelled in a large six-horse berline
Advisers choice of route & traveling separately

Question 30

Why was the departure delayed during the flight?
How did this mean the family traveled unprotected?

Answer 30

Log time to load
Heavy carriage

Troops at Châllons left 30 mins before royals arrival

Question 31

Were was Louis recognised?
By who?

Answer 31

Sainte-Menehould
Old soldier-turned-postmaster
Jean-Baptiste Drouet

Question 32

How did Jean-Baptiste Drouet identify Louis?

Answer 32

Said he recognised profile form coins
But was tipped off from Paris

Question 33

Who arrived to escort the royal family back to Paris during the flight?

Answer 33

Representatives from the National Assembly

Question 34

Who managed to escape during the flight? (2)

Answer 34

King younger brother
Royal accomplice

Question 35

Who was Louis greeted by as he was brought back to Paris after the flight?
How did they show their disrespect?

Answer 35

Citizens
Kept their hats on

Question 36

How did Louis show he did t understand the popularity of the revolution in 1791?

Answer 36

List to justify flight:
Contained complaints about his treatment
Opposed many decrees by Assembly (which he’d officially accepted)
Ex: limited suspenseful veto

Question 37

What did the National Assembly do to Louis instead of deposition after the flight?
How long was this to be in affect?

Answer 37

Temporary suspension
16 July 1791

Until new const made & Louis signed it

Question 38

Why was the new constitution of 1791 already undermined before it was written?

Answer 38

Louis behaviour:
Flight
Complaints about treatment
Opposition to Assembly decrees: limited suspensory veto

Question 39

After the flight, how did 290 Assembly deputies show their moderation towards the revolution?

Answer 39

Abstained from voting to suspend kings powers

Question 40

After the flight, what was showing radical ideas?
What did they call for?

Answer 40

Radical press & political clubs
Kings abdication & trial
Demands for a republic spreading