Chapter 7, Political Clubs, Flight to Varennes Flashcards
What are 4 political clubs that emerged c. experiment of constitutional monarchy (1789-92)?
Noble faction - ex: Les Actes des Apôtres
Sociétié 89
Jacobins
Cordeliers club
What did the noble faction defend?
Constitutional monarchy
What is the name of one of the groups in the noble faction?
Where did they meet?
How were they active?
Les Actes des Apôtres
The Salon Francais
Produced 3 pamphlet issues weekly from Nov 1789
Who founded the Sociétié 89?
What did it support?
Sieyes
Const monarchy
Who were members of the Sociétié 89?
Why?
Wealthy moderates
Lafayette
Mirabeau
High entry fee
What 2 political clubs were left wing?
Why did one of them become more radical from 1791 through its type of members?
Jacobins
Cordeliers Club
Members initially deputies - members rapidly grew - mainly bourgeoisie - fees high - reduced & lower classes joined
What was the Jacobin club formerly known as?
Breton club, founded May 1789
How was the jacobin club active?
How many affiliate clubs did the jacobins have by 1790?
Met daily after Assembly proceedings
152
When was the Cordeliers club formed?
By who?
Who was a notable member?
April 1790
Danton & Desmoulins
Marat
What was the aim of the Cordeliers Club?
Where were a lot of its clubs?
Protect citizen rights & keep watch in Assembly activities
Paris
What was the entry fee for the Cordeliers Club?
Who was eligible to join?
Minimum
Open to all: passive citizens & women
What we’re the ideas of the Cordeliers club?
Radical democratic & republican ideas
How did the membership of the political clubs make them influential?
Range - assembly members to Parisian workers
How were political clubs able to influence Assembly decisions?
Platform for propaganda - often delivered views to assembly in petitions
How did the political clubs’ pamphlets increase their revolutionary influence?
Reached out to ordinary people
Public readings, extracts on walls, proclaimed in streets
Who were the 3 dominant politician-journalists?
What did they all found?
Desmoulins
Marat
Hébert
Own papers
When was Desmoulins’ published?
What was its cost?
Who did it reach?
What did it attack?
1789-1791
Fairly low-cost
Nationwide
Monarchy
When was Marat’s paper published?
Who was it popular & influential among?
1789-93
Working Parisians
When was Hébert’s paper published?
Who was it popular with?
Why was it popular with higher classes?
1791-94
Workers & some higher classes
Wanted to be seen as true to the rev
By 1791, how was authority fragmented in France?
Power split, undermined & confused
By 1791, what power did the king hold?
What was royal authority undermined by?
How was this factor split?
Executive power
The Assembly
Left, centre & right
How was Louis situation intolerable leading to the flight to Varennes?
‘Prisoner’ in Tuileries
Civil constitution of the clergy
Radical political clubs
National Assembly supporter Mirabeau died April 1791
Wife & sister urged king to take action to resist rev movement
Who were louis & Marie Antoinette in contact with that supported/encouraged the flight?
Why?
Emigre nobles
Wanted Louis to assert his authority
Who assured Louis and Marie Antoinette they would help with the flight?
How?
Marie Antoinette brother, Leopold, king of Austria
Troops along French border under his control
Who did Leopold succeed to the Austrian throne?
When?
Joseph II
1790
What triggered the flight?
Incident as Saint-Cloud
What were Louis’ & advisers intensions for the flight?
Direct military action from a secure place
To induce revs to settle with him
When was the flight to Varennes?
Night of 20/21 June 1791
How did Louis’ family travel during the flight?
What was this in despite of?
Travelled in a large six-horse berline
Advisers choice of route & traveling separately
Why was the departure delayed during the flight?
How did this mean the family traveled unprotected?
Log time to load
Heavy carriage
Troops at Châllons left 30 mins before royals arrival
Were was Louis recognised?
By who?
Sainte-Menehould
Old soldier-turned-postmaster
Jean-Baptiste Drouet
How did Jean-Baptiste Drouet identify Louis?
Said he recognised profile form coins
But was tipped off from Paris
Who arrived to escort the royal family back to Paris during the flight?
Representatives from the National Assembly
Who managed to escape during the flight? (2)
King younger brother
Royal accomplice
Who was Louis greeted by as he was brought back to Paris after the flight?
How did they show their disrespect?
Citizens
Kept their hats on
How did Louis show he did t understand the popularity of the revolution in 1791?
List to justify flight:
Contained complaints about his treatment
Opposed many decrees by Assembly (which he’d officially accepted)
Ex: limited suspenseful veto
What did the National Assembly do to Louis instead of deposition after the flight?
How long was this to be in affect?
Temporary suspension
16 July 1791
Until new const made & Louis signed it
Why was the new constitution of 1791 already undermined before it was written?
Louis behaviour:
Flight
Complaints about treatment
Opposition to Assembly decrees: limited suspensory veto
After the flight, how did 290 Assembly deputies show their moderation towards the revolution?
Abstained from voting to suspend kings powers
After the flight, what was showing radical ideas?
What did they call for?
Radical press & political clubs
Kings abdication & trial
Demands for a republic spreading
