Chapter 7: Champ De Mars & Outbreak Of War Flashcards

1
Q

When was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?

A

17 July 1791

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2
Q

Who organised a meeting at the Champ de Mars?
Why?

A

Cordeliers club & other extreme societies
To sign petition calling for a republic

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3
Q

Why was the Champ de Mars chosen as a meeting place for the revolutionaries?

A

Site of ‘Feast of the Federation’ 3 days earlier
‘Altar of the Fatherland’ in the middle: fitting platform for petition

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4
Q

How many people attended the Champ de Mars?
Why did this spark?

A

6,000
More fears of disorder

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5
Q

Who was sent to ensure order at the Champ de Mars?
How did this backfire?

A

Lafayette & National Guards

Crowd/mobs grew
Stones thrown at NG
Warning shots didn’t work
NG fired freely on crowds

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6
Q

How many people were killed at the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?
What did the demonstration cause in radicals?

A

C. 50
Saw as betrayal of the people by moderates: a massacre

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7
Q

How did the Champ de Mars complete the split of the 3rd estate?

A

People chose sides

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8
Q

What moderate club was created as a result of the split of the 3rd estate?

A

Feuillant club
Broke form radical Jacobins
Lafayette

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9
Q

Offer the split of the 3rd estate, who were the moderates?
What did they want?

A

Moderates alarmed at power of mobs
Particularly men of wealth & property

Wanted prevention of rev becoming more extreme

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10
Q

How did moderates attempt to prevent rev from becoming more extreme after the Champ de Mars?

A

Forced closure of many ‘patriotic’ clubs & newspapers
Drove extremist leaders underground:
Danton fled to England
Desmoulins & Marat into hiding

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11
Q

What escalated tension & anxiety caused by the Champ de Mars aftermath?

A

Fear of Austrian invasion: Declaration of Pillnitz

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12
Q

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
Who issued it?

A

27 August 1791
Austrian emperor, Leopold II
Fredrick-William III of Prussia

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13
Q

Why was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued?

A

Austrian support for king after failed flight

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14
Q

What did the Declaration of Pillnitz state? (3)

A

King’s situation of ‘common interest’ to all nations
French crown powers should be restored
Ready to use force

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15
Q

What was more immediately worrying than the Declaration of Pillnitz, Aug 1791?

A

Emigres building armies, awaiting return

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16
Q

When did the Legislative Assembly first meet?
was this before or after:
The Declaration of Pillnitz?
Champ de Mars demonstration?

A

Oct 1791
After, Sep
After, 17 July

17
Q

When was the Legislative Assembly’s 1st decree?
What did it state?

A

9 Nov 1791
Émigré banishment & seizure of property if returned before 1 Jan 1792

18
Q

When was the Legislative Assembly’s 2nd decree?
What did it state?

A

29 Nov 1791
Demanded refractory priests take oath of allegiance of be deemed traitors

19
Q

How did Louis respond to the 2 Nov decrees by the Legislative Assembly?

A

Used suspensory veto

20
Q

What were the causes of war with Prussia-Austria?

A

Worries about them supporting emigres
Expose counter-revs
Protect the rev

21
Q

What did the Girondins argue for in terms of war?

A

Strongly in favour
Easy win as oppressed opponents people would welcome men of liberty

22
Q

who headed the Brissotins group?
What would this become/

A

Jacques-Pierre Bissrot
Girondins

23
Q

What was the consequence of there being few left wing seats in the Legislative Assembly?

A

Little opposition to Austria-Prussia war

24
Q

Who alone in the Jacobin club opposed war?
Why?

A

Robespierre
Wanted to focus of est rev at home

25
Why did Louis & Marie Antoinette support the war? What was Louis' public opinion?
Salvation, restore crown power supp const & opp war
26
Who was Louis in correspondence with before the war?
Brothers & emigres
27
Who was Marie Antoinette in correspondence with before the war?
Bro Leopold & Count Fersen
28
When did Austria & Prussia ally themselves?
Feb 1792
29
When did France declare war on Austria-Prussia? Why?
April 1792 lack of response from new king, Francis II to French demands
30
How was Bissot's prediction of an easy win disproved?
Troops divided Lack of experienced officers
31
What was 1 way the French war effort was superior?
Bigger army
32
Why were French troops divided during the war?
Blues distrust Whites & Comrades Blues = volunteer, National guards, active citizens Whites = old royal army men
33
What was the consequence of a lack of experienced officers?
Series of French reverses Retreat at Lille, 28 April 1792
34
What 3 decreed did the LA issue in attempt to combat the setbacks of the war?
deported 'disrupting' refractory priests Disbanded kings guard Created federe of 20,000 volunteers
35
How did Louis respond to the LA's 3 decrees at eh start of the war?
vetoed