Chapter 7: Champ De Mars & Outbreak Of War

Question 1

When was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?

Answer 1

17 July 1791

Question 2

Who organised a meeting at the Champ de Mars?
Why?

Answer 2

Cordeliers club & other extreme societies
To sign petition calling for a republic

Question 3

Why was the Champ de Mars chosen as a meeting place for the revolutionaries?

Answer 3

Site of ‘Feast of the Federation’ 3 days earlier
‘Altar of the Fatherland’ in the middle: fitting platform for petition

Question 4

How many people attended the Champ de Mars?
Why did this spark?

Answer 4

6,000
More fears of disorder

Question 5

Who was sent to ensure order at the Champ de Mars?
How did this backfire?

Answer 5

Lafayette & National Guards

Crowd/mobs grew
Stones thrown at NG
Warning shots didn’t work
NG fired freely on crowds

Question 6

How many people were killed at the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?
What did the demonstration cause in radicals?

Answer 6

C. 50
Saw as betrayal of the people by moderates: a massacre

Question 7

How did the Champ de Mars complete the split of the 3rd estate?

Answer 7

People chose sides

Question 8

What moderate club was created as a result of the split of the 3rd estate?

Answer 8

Feuillant club
Broke form radical Jacobins
Lafayette

Question 9

Offer the split of the 3rd estate, who were the moderates?
What did they want?

Answer 9

Moderates alarmed at power of mobs
Particularly men of wealth & property

Wanted prevention of rev becoming more extreme

Question 10

How did moderates attempt to prevent rev from becoming more extreme after the Champ de Mars?

Answer 10

Forced closure of many ‘patriotic’ clubs & newspapers
Drove extremist leaders underground:
Danton fled to England
Desmoulins & Marat into hiding

Question 11

What escalated tension & anxiety caused by the Champ de Mars aftermath?

Answer 11

Fear of Austrian invasion: Declaration of Pillnitz

Question 12

When was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
Who issued it?

Answer 12

27 August 1791
Austrian emperor, Leopold II
Fredrick-William III of Prussia

Question 13

Why was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued?

Answer 13

Austrian support for king after failed flight

Question 14

What did the Declaration of Pillnitz state? (3)

Answer 14

King’s situation of ‘common interest’ to all nations
French crown powers should be restored
Ready to use force

Question 15

What was more immediately worrying than the Declaration of Pillnitz, Aug 1791?

Answer 15

Emigres building armies, awaiting return

Question 16

When did the Legislative Assembly first meet?
was this before or after:
The Declaration of Pillnitz?
Champ de Mars demonstration?

Answer 16

Oct 1791
After, Sep
After, 17 July

Question 17

When was the Legislative Assembly’s 1st decree?
What did it state?

Answer 17

9 Nov 1791
Émigré banishment & seizure of property if returned before 1 Jan 1792

Question 18

When was the Legislative Assembly’s 2nd decree?
What did it state?

Answer 18

29 Nov 1791
Demanded refractory priests take oath of allegiance of be deemed traitors

Question 19

How did Louis respond to the 2 Nov decrees by the Legislative Assembly?

Answer 19

Used suspensory veto

Question 20

What were the causes of war with Prussia-Austria?

Answer 20

Worries about them supporting emigres
Expose counter-revs
Protect the rev

Question 21

What did the Girondins argue for in terms of war?

Answer 21

Strongly in favour
Easy win as oppressed opponents people would welcome men of liberty

Question 22

who headed the Brissotins group?
What would this become/

Answer 22

Jacques-Pierre Bissrot
Girondins

Question 23

What was the consequence of there being few left wing seats in the Legislative Assembly?

Answer 23

Little opposition to Austria-Prussia war

Question 24

Who alone in the Jacobin club opposed war?
Why?

Answer 24

Robespierre
Wanted to focus of est rev at home

Question 25

Why did Louis & Marie Antoinette support the war?
What was Louis’ public opinion?

Answer 25

Salvation, restore crown power
supp const & opp war

Question 26

Who was Louis in correspondence with before the war?

Answer 26

Brothers & emigres

Question 27

Who was Marie Antoinette in correspondence with before the war?

Answer 27

Bro Leopold & Count Fersen

Question 28

When did Austria & Prussia ally themselves?

Answer 28

Feb 1792

Question 29

When did France declare war on Austria-Prussia?
Why?

Answer 29

April 1792
lack of response from new king, Francis II to French demands

Question 30

How was Bissot’s prediction of an easy win disproved?

Answer 30

Troops divided
Lack of experienced officers

Question 31

What was 1 way the French war effort was superior?

Answer 31

Bigger army

Question 32

Why were French troops divided during the war?

Answer 32

Blues distrust Whites & Comrades
Blues = volunteer, National guards, active citizens
Whites = old royal army men

Question 33

What was the consequence of a lack of experienced officers?

Answer 33

Series of French reverses
Retreat at Lille, 28 April 1792

Question 34

What 3 decreed did the LA issue in attempt to combat the setbacks of the war?

Answer 34

deported ‘disrupting’ refractory priests
Disbanded kings guard
Created federe of 20,000 volunteers

Question 35

How did Louis respond to the LA’s 3 decrees at eh start of the war?

Answer 35

vetoed