Chapter 7: Champ De Mars & Outbreak Of War Flashcards
When was the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?
17 July 1791
Who organised a meeting at the Champ de Mars?
Why?
Cordeliers club & other extreme societies
To sign petition calling for a republic
Why was the Champ de Mars chosen as a meeting place for the revolutionaries?
Site of ‘Feast of the Federation’ 3 days earlier
‘Altar of the Fatherland’ in the middle: fitting platform for petition
How many people attended the Champ de Mars?
Why did this spark?
6,000
More fears of disorder
Who was sent to ensure order at the Champ de Mars?
How did this backfire?
Lafayette & National Guards
Crowd/mobs grew
Stones thrown at NG
Warning shots didn’t work
NG fired freely on crowds
How many people were killed at the demonstration at the Champ de Mars?
What did the demonstration cause in radicals?
C. 50
Saw as betrayal of the people by moderates: a massacre
How did the Champ de Mars complete the split of the 3rd estate?
People chose sides
What moderate club was created as a result of the split of the 3rd estate?
Feuillant club
Broke form radical Jacobins
Lafayette
Offer the split of the 3rd estate, who were the moderates?
What did they want?
Moderates alarmed at power of mobs
Particularly men of wealth & property
Wanted prevention of rev becoming more extreme
How did moderates attempt to prevent rev from becoming more extreme after the Champ de Mars?
Forced closure of many ‘patriotic’ clubs & newspapers
Drove extremist leaders underground:
Danton fled to England
Desmoulins & Marat into hiding
What escalated tension & anxiety caused by the Champ de Mars aftermath?
Fear of Austrian invasion: Declaration of Pillnitz
When was the Declaration of Pillnitz?
Who issued it?
27 August 1791
Austrian emperor, Leopold II
Fredrick-William III of Prussia
Why was the Declaration of Pillnitz issued?
Austrian support for king after failed flight
What did the Declaration of Pillnitz state? (3)
King’s situation of ‘common interest’ to all nations
French crown powers should be restored
Ready to use force
What was more immediately worrying than the Declaration of Pillnitz, Aug 1791?
Emigres building armies, awaiting return
When did the Legislative Assembly first meet?
was this before or after:
The Declaration of Pillnitz?
Champ de Mars demonstration?
Oct 1791
After, Sep
After, 17 July
When was the Legislative Assembly’s 1st decree?
What did it state?
9 Nov 1791
Émigré banishment & seizure of property if returned before 1 Jan 1792
When was the Legislative Assembly’s 2nd decree?
What did it state?
29 Nov 1791
Demanded refractory priests take oath of allegiance of be deemed traitors
How did Louis respond to the 2 Nov decrees by the Legislative Assembly?
Used suspensory veto
What were the causes of war with Prussia-Austria?
Worries about them supporting emigres
Expose counter-revs
Protect the rev
What did the Girondins argue for in terms of war?
Strongly in favour
Easy win as oppressed opponents people would welcome men of liberty
who headed the Brissotins group?
What would this become/
Jacques-Pierre Bissrot
Girondins
What was the consequence of there being few left wing seats in the Legislative Assembly?
Little opposition to Austria-Prussia war
Who alone in the Jacobin club opposed war?
Why?
Robespierre
Wanted to focus of est rev at home
Why did Louis & Marie Antoinette support the war?
What was Louis’ public opinion?
Salvation, restore crown power
supp const & opp war
Who was Louis in correspondence with before the war?
Brothers & emigres
Who was Marie Antoinette in correspondence with before the war?
Bro Leopold & Count Fersen
When did Austria & Prussia ally themselves?
Feb 1792
When did France declare war on Austria-Prussia?
Why?
April 1792
lack of response from new king, Francis II to French demands
How was Bissot’s prediction of an easy win disproved?
Troops divided
Lack of experienced officers
What was 1 way the French war effort was superior?
Bigger army
Why were French troops divided during the war?
Blues distrust Whites & Comrades
Blues = volunteer, National guards, active citizens
Whites = old royal army men
What was the consequence of a lack of experienced officers?
Series of French reverses
Retreat at Lille, 28 April 1792
What 3 decreed did the LA issue in attempt to combat the setbacks of the war?
deported ‘disrupting’ refractory priests
Disbanded kings guard
Created federe of 20,000 volunteers
How did Louis respond to the LA’s 3 decrees at eh start of the war?
vetoed
