Chapter 10: Internal & External War, The Spread Of War, The Rising In The Vendee

Question 1

When had French fortunes in the Austrian-Prussian war turned?

Answer 1

Sep - Jan 1792

Question 2

Where had the ‘Army of the North’ been successful?

Answer 2

The Austrian Netherlands

Question 3

How had the ‘Army of the Alps’ been successful?

Answer 3

Seized Savoy, Nice & parts of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (allied with Austria)

Question 4

By Sep - Jan 1792, where had French forces advanced to?
As they went, what did they proclaim?

Answer 4

Middle & upper Rhine regions
Frankfurt
Rev change

Question 5

What was the new advances of French troops inspired by?

Answer 5

Rev idealism (Edict of Fraternity, Nov)
Need for money

Question 6

What was the Edict of Fraternity?

Answer 6

Nov 1792
Convention promised ‘fraternity & assistance to all people who wish to recover their liberty’

Question 7

How did advances in war help with France’s need for money?

Answer 7

Conquests brought assets that could be sold for cash

Question 8

What was ‘natural frontiers’?

Answer 8

Old French doctrine
Pyrenees, Rhine & Alps should form French borders
Controversial

Question 9

Who suggested the usage of ‘natural frontiers’ during the war?
Why?

Answer 9

Danton, Jan 1793
To justify the war effort

Question 10

What triggered British military preparations in late 1792 - 93?

Answer 10

Natural frontiers would effect British trade
Execution of Louis XVI, expelled French ambassador

Question 11

Who entered the anti-French coalition in Jan 1793?

Answer 11

Spain (old French ally)
Portugal

Question 12

When did France declare war on Britain & the United Provinces?

Answer 12

Feb 1 1793
without waiting for Britain to take action

Question 13

When did France declare war on Britain & the Spain, allied to Portugal?

Answer 13

March 1793

Question 14

What did France’s declarations of war at the start of 1793 create?
Who was part of this?

Answer 14

War of the First Coalition
Austria
Prussia
Piedmont-Sardinia
Britain
United Provinces
Spain
Portugal

Question 15

When was the War of the First Coalition fought?

Answer 15

1792 - 97

Question 15

How did France suffer badly at the start of the War of the First Coalition?
1792 - 93

Answer 15

Driven out of Austrian Netherlands
Brit, Aus, Spa, mounted attacks into France
Internal revolts (west & south) hindered military efforts

Question 15

How is France driven out of Austrian Netherlands?
When?

Answer 15

1st army retreats after Battle of Mons
2nd retreats after Battle of Tournai
April 1792

Question 16

When does Lafyette command Army of the North?
Wen does he defect & Dumouriez take over?

Answer 16

July - Aug 1792
Aug

Question 17

What coincides with the declaration of war on Britain?

Answer 17

Rising in the Vendee

Question 18

When does the successful Austrian counter-defence begin?

Answer 18

March 1793

Question 19

When does Dumouriez defect to the Austrians?
Who was he?

Answer 19

April 1793
Commander of the Army of the North

Question 20

Where are there uprisings in May 1793?

Answer 20

Lyons & other cities

Question 21

Where was the Vendee?
What uprisings was it close to?

Answer 21

Central-west France
Chouan

Question 22

Why was the Vendee an ideal breeding ground for rebellion?

Answer 22

Rural
Conservative
Strongly Catholic
Lots of Refractory Priests

Question 23

Why were peasants in the Vendee worse off in 1793 than under the Ancien Regime?

Answer 23

Slae of church lands brought bourgeoisie land-owners
raised rents
time of inflation & disrupted food supplies

Question 24

Why were local noblemen involved in the Vendee Rising?

Answer 24

Disliked Republic
Prepared to lead opp to National Convention

Question 25

Who were the noblemen involved with the Vendee Uprising?

Answer 25

Men of military experience with skills to organise armies

Question 26

What was the Vendee Uprising a protest against?

Answer 26

march 1793 levy for 300,000 men in Angers

Question 27

When was the Vendee Uprising?
What was the name of the revolters?

Answer 27

14 March 1793
A ‘Catholic and Royal Army of the Vendee’

Question 28

Which city was seized in the Vendee Uprising?

Answer 28

Cholet, a major city in the area

Question 29

Who was massacred during the Vendee Uprising?

Answer 29

Local officials
Juring priests
National guards

Question 30

What specific type of conflict spread through the countryside during the Vendee Uprising?

Answer 30

Guerilla warfare

Question 31

How did the convention initially attempt, but fail to end the Vendee uprising?

Answer 31

May 1793
Sent 30,000 men from the front

Question 32

What was the rebels position/advancements by June 1793?

Answer 32

Sized a no. of bridges over the Loire
Taken Angers & Saumur
Advancing towards Paris

Question 33

What did the convention decree on 1 Aug 1793?
What was this triggered by?

Answer 33

Decreed the destruction of the Vendee
Pressure from rebel advances since May & spread of federalist revolts

Question 34

What was the National Convention’s actions after the Aug 1 decree?

Answer 34

Sent army of 100,000 to Nates on 6 Sep 1793

Question 35

How successful was the NC 100,000 army by Oct?

Answer 35

Vendeeans suffered several defeats (Choulet retaken)

Question 36

What was the position of the Vendeeans by Dec1793?

Answer 36

Core of army destroyed