Chapter 10: Internal & External War, The Spread Of War, The Rising In The Vendee Flashcards
When had French fortunes in the Austrian-Prussian war turned?
Sep - Jan 1792
Where had the ‘Army of the North’ been successful?
The Austrian Netherlands
How had the ‘Army of the Alps’ been successful?
Seized Savoy, Nice & parts of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (allied with Austria)
By Sep - Jan 1792, where had French forces advanced to?
As they went, what did they proclaim?
Middle & upper Rhine regions
Frankfurt
Rev change
What was the new advances of French troops inspired by?
Rev idealism (Edict of Fraternity, Nov)
Need for money
What was the Edict of Fraternity?
Nov 1792
Convention promised ‘fraternity & assistance to all people who wish to recover their liberty’
How did advances in war help with France’s need for money?
Conquests brought assets that could be sold for cash
What was ‘natural frontiers’?
Old French doctrine
Pyrenees, Rhine & Alps should form French borders
Controversial
Who suggested the usage of ‘natural frontiers’ during the war?
Why?
Danton, Jan 1793
To justify the war effort
What triggered British military preparations in late 1792 - 93?
Natural frontiers would effect British trade
Execution of Louis XVI, expelled French ambassador
Who entered the anti-French coalition in Jan 1793?
Spain (old French ally)
Portugal
When did France declare war on Britain & the United Provinces?
Feb 1 1793
without waiting for Britain to take action
When did France declare war on Britain & the Spain, allied to Portugal?
March 1793
What did France’s declarations of war at the start of 1793 create?
Who was part of this?
War of the First Coalition
Austria
Prussia
Piedmont-Sardinia
Britain
United Provinces
Spain
Portugal
When was the War of the First Coalition fought?
1792 - 97
How did France suffer badly at the start of the War of the First Coalition?
1792 - 93
Driven out of Austrian Netherlands
Brit, Aus, Spa, mounted attacks into France
Internal revolts (west & south) hindered military efforts
How is France driven out of Austrian Netherlands?
When?
1st army retreats after Battle of Mons
2nd retreats after Battle of Tournai
April 1792
When does Lafyette command Army of the North?
Wen does he defect & Dumouriez take over?
July - Aug 1792
Aug
What coincides with the declaration of war on Britain?
Rising in the Vendee
When does the successful Austrian counter-defence begin?
March 1793
When does Dumouriez defect to the Austrians?
Who was he?
April 1793
Commander of the Army of the North
Where are there uprisings in May 1793?
Lyons & other cities
Where was the Vendee?
What uprisings was it close to?
Central-west France
Chouan
Why was the Vendee an ideal breeding ground for rebellion?
Rural
Conservative
Strongly Catholic
Lots of Refractory Priests
Why were peasants in the Vendee worse off in 1793 than under the Ancien Regime?
Slae of church lands brought bourgeoisie land-owners
raised rents
time of inflation & disrupted food supplies
Why were local noblemen involved in the Vendee Rising?
Disliked Republic
Prepared to lead opp to National Convention
Who were the noblemen involved with the Vendee Uprising?
Men of military experience with skills to organise armies
What was the Vendee Uprising a protest against?
march 1793 levy for 300,000 men in Angers
When was the Vendee Uprising?
What was the name of the revolters?
14 March 1793
A ‘Catholic and Royal Army of the Vendee’
Which city was seized in the Vendee Uprising?
Cholet, a major city in the area
Who was massacred during the Vendee Uprising?
Local officials
Juring priests
National guards
What specific type of conflict spread through the countryside during the Vendee Uprising?
Guerilla warfare
How did the convention initially attempt, but fail to end the Vendee uprising?
May 1793
Sent 30,000 men from the front
What was the rebels position/advancements by June 1793?
Sized a no. of bridges over the Loire
Taken Angers & Saumur
Advancing towards Paris
What did the convention decree on 1 Aug 1793?
What was this triggered by?
Decreed the destruction of the Vendee
Pressure from rebel advances since May & spread of federalist revolts
What was the National Convention’s actions after the Aug 1 decree?
Sent army of 100,000 to Nates on 6 Sep 1793
How successful was the NC 100,000 army by Oct?
Vendeeans suffered several defeats (Choulet retaken)
What was the position of the Vendeeans by Dec1793?
Core of army destroyed
