Chapter 10: Internal & External War, The Spread Of War, The Rising In The Vendee Flashcards

1
Q

When had French fortunes in the Austrian-Prussian war turned?

A

Sep - Jan 1792

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2
Q

Where had the ‘Army of the North’ been successful?

A

The Austrian Netherlands

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3
Q

How had the ‘Army of the Alps’ been successful?

A

Seized Savoy, Nice & parts of the kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (allied with Austria)

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4
Q

By Sep - Jan 1792, where had French forces advanced to?
As they went, what did they proclaim?

A

Middle & upper Rhine regions
Frankfurt
Rev change

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5
Q

What was the new advances of French troops inspired by?

A

Rev idealism (Edict of Fraternity, Nov)
Need for money

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6
Q

What was the Edict of Fraternity?

A

Nov 1792
Convention promised ‘fraternity & assistance to all people who wish to recover their liberty’

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7
Q

How did advances in war help with France’s need for money?

A

Conquests brought assets that could be sold for cash

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8
Q

What was ‘natural frontiers’?

A

Old French doctrine
Pyrenees, Rhine & Alps should form French borders
Controversial

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9
Q

Who suggested the usage of ‘natural frontiers’ during the war?
Why?

A

Danton, Jan 1793
To justify the war effort

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10
Q

What triggered British military preparations in late 1792 - 93?

A

Natural frontiers would effect British trade
Execution of Louis XVI, expelled French ambassador

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11
Q

Who entered the anti-French coalition in Jan 1793?

A

Spain (old French ally)
Portugal

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12
Q

When did France declare war on Britain & the United Provinces?

A

Feb 1 1793
without waiting for Britain to take action

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13
Q

When did France declare war on Britain & the Spain, allied to Portugal?

A

March 1793

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14
Q

What did France’s declarations of war at the start of 1793 create?
Who was part of this?

A

War of the First Coalition
Austria
Prussia
Piedmont-Sardinia
Britain
United Provinces
Spain
Portugal

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15
Q

When was the War of the First Coalition fought?

A

1792 - 97

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15
Q

How did France suffer badly at the start of the War of the First Coalition?
1792 - 93

A

Driven out of Austrian Netherlands
Brit, Aus, Spa, mounted attacks into France
Internal revolts (west & south) hindered military efforts

15
Q

How is France driven out of Austrian Netherlands?
When?

A

1st army retreats after Battle of Mons
2nd retreats after Battle of Tournai
April 1792

16
Q

When does Lafyette command Army of the North?
Wen does he defect & Dumouriez take over?

A

July - Aug 1792
Aug

17
Q

What coincides with the declaration of war on Britain?

A

Rising in the Vendee

18
Q

When does the successful Austrian counter-defence begin?

A

March 1793

19
Q

When does Dumouriez defect to the Austrians?
Who was he?

A

April 1793
Commander of the Army of the North

20
Q

Where are there uprisings in May 1793?

A

Lyons & other cities

21
Q

Where was the Vendee?
What uprisings was it close to?

A

Central-west France
Chouan

22
Q

Why was the Vendee an ideal breeding ground for rebellion?

A

Rural
Conservative
Strongly Catholic
Lots of Refractory Priests

23
Why were peasants in the Vendee worse off in 1793 than under the Ancien Regime?
Slae of church lands brought bourgeoisie land-owners raised rents time of inflation & disrupted food supplies
24
Why were local noblemen involved in the Vendee Rising?
Disliked Republic Prepared to lead opp to National Convention
25
Who were the noblemen involved with the Vendee Uprising?
Men of military experience with skills to organise armies
26
What was the Vendee Uprising a protest against?
march 1793 levy for 300,000 men in Angers
27
When was the Vendee Uprising? What was the name of the revolters?
14 March 1793 A 'Catholic and Royal Army of the Vendee'
28
Which city was seized in the Vendee Uprising?
Cholet, a major city in the area
29
Who was massacred during the Vendee Uprising?
Local officials Juring priests National guards
30
What specific type of conflict spread through the countryside during the Vendee Uprising?
Guerilla warfare
31
How did the convention initially attempt, but fail to end the Vendee uprising?
May 1793 Sent 30,000 men from the front
32
What was the rebels position/advancements by June 1793?
Sized a no. of bridges over the Loire Taken Angers & Saumur Advancing towards Paris
33
What did the convention decree on 1 Aug 1793? What was this triggered by?
Decreed the destruction of the Vendee Pressure from rebel advances since May & spread of federalist revolts
34
What was the National Convention's actions after the Aug 1 decree?
Sent army of 100,000 to Nates on 6 Sep 1793
35
How successful was the NC 100,000 army by Oct?
Vendeeans suffered several defeats (Choulet retaken)
36
What was the position of the Vendeeans by Dec1793?
Core of army destroyed