Chapter 10: Robespierre & Wartime Control, Fall Of Girondins & Federalist Revolt

Question 1

In 1793, where did threats to the republic come from?

Answer 1

External & internal enemies

Question 2

Who supported the wartime ‘extraordinary’ measures?
Why

Answer 2

Jacobins & leader, Robespierre
Wanted to win the wars
Reassure Parisian sans-culottes that deputies were responding to needs

Question 3

What was the effect of the ‘extraordinary’ wartime measures?

Answer 3

Strengthened Jacobin voice
Weakening Girondins voice (opp strong central control)

Question 4

When & what were the 7 wartime measures?

Answer 4

Oct 1792, Committee of General Safety
Feb 1793, Drafting
March 1793, represents-en-mission
March 1793, Rev Tribunal est
19 March 1793, law for rebels
March 1793, Comites de surveillance
April 1793, Committee of Public Safety

Question 5

What was the Committee of General Safety (CGS)? (1)

Answer 5

Policing & administration of justice
Reported to National Convention

Question 6

How large was the Feb 1793 draft?
How was this achieved? (2)

Answer 6

300,000
Voluntary is possible, ballot if necessary

Question 7

What was the representants-en-mission? (3)

Answer 7

Representatives-en-mission
Ensure loyalty & functioning of departements
Maintain public order
Ensure food supplies
Ensure morale for troops & loyalty to generals

Question 8

What was the rev Tribunal? (4)

Answer 8

To try counter-revs
5 judges
A public prosecutor w/ 2 assistants
Jurymen elected by NC

Question 9

What was the law put in place on 19 march 1793? (5)

Answer 9

Decreed rebels bearing arms could be executed w/o appeal within 24 hours

Question 10

What was the Comites de surveillance? (6)

Answer 10

Est in all towns & communes for suspicious behaviour
Suspects handed to tribunals
Former nobles & church men not eligible

Question 11

What was the Committee of Public Safety (CPS)? (7)

Answer 11

Responsible for war, diplomacy, supplies, army control, application of rev laws
Above CGS
9 members, elected monthly

Question 12

What accompanies the ‘extraordinary’ measures?

Answer 12

Propaganda

Question 13

Why did Robespierre see benefit in supporting food rioters?

Answer 13

Discredit Girondins rivals

Question 14

When were the food riots?
Who was involved with the food riots?

Answer 14

As the war went badly, 1793
Sans-culottes
Encouraged by emigres

Question 15

Why did the food riots occur?

Answer 15

Food prices rose as war went badly

Question 16

What did the food rioters call for?
How did the NC respond?

Answer 16

Price controls on basic goods
Blocked the decrees

Question 17

When were there disturbances during the food riots?
Why?

Answer 17

Feb - March 1793
Prices of commodities: bread, soap, sugar

Question 18

How did the Jacobins attack the Girondins during the food riots?

Answer 18

Jacobin Jean-Paul Marat published articles blaming Girondins for French problems
Portrayed as bourgeois

Question 19

How did the Girondins retaliate to Marat’s writings?
How did this go badly?

Answer 19

Apr 1793 indictment for Marrat arrest
Against principle of Convention members being immune from prosecution for their views

Question 20

Where was Marrat tried?
What was the outcome?

Answer 20

Rev Tribunal
Acquitted 12 days later
Delighted sans-culottes

Question 21

How did Danton use the indictment of Marat to the Jacobins advantage?

Answer 21

Portray Girondins as enemies of liberty & the republic

Question 22

When were the first price controls established?
How was this achieved?
Who opposed?

Answer 22

3 May 1793

Sans-culottes surrounded convention demanding price controls
Enabled Robespierre to get law

Girondins

Question 23

What did Robespierre call for on 26 May 1793?

Answer 23

Rising against ‘corrupt deputies’ (Girondins) in Convention

Question 24

When were the Girondins expelled from the Convention?
By who?

Answer 24

May 31 - June 2 1793
Sans-culottes
National Guards

Question 25

What caused the Plain to support/allow the motion expelling of the Girondins?

Answer 25

Crowd of 80-100,000 assembled at Convention on 2 June
Some physically prevented from leaving

Question 26

Who won the expelling of the Girondins?
How many were expelled?

Answer 26

‘The Mountain’
29

Question 27

What was 1 consequence of expelling the Girondins?

Answer 27

Submitting to power of sans-culottes & armed force

Question 28

What was the Federalist revolt?

Answer 28

Backlash to expulsion of Girondins in departements (where G supp greatest)
60/83 departements
Jacobin leaders forced out of office

Question 29

What was the Federalist revolt a reaction to?
What did the Jacobins say it was?

Answer 29

Jacobin strong central control in Paris
Counter rev

Question 30

What did the Federalist revolt pose danger of?
What made this worse?

Answer 30

Civil War
Rebellions in the Vendee, March 1793

Question 31

What district went furthest in the Federalist revolt?
Why was this an issue?

Answer 31

Toulon
Merged with royalist reaction
Key naval base with 1/3 of French navy

Question 32

Who did Toulon appeal help from?
Who did they declare king?

Answer 32

Anglo-Spanish fleet
Louis XVII

Question 33

How was Toulon dealt with?

Answer 33

Rev army swiftly laid siege
Taken in Dec thanks to Napoleon

Question 34

When were most of the Federalist revolt risings crushed?

Answer 34

July - Oct 1793

Question 35

When was the Jacobin constitution drawn up?
What was it a modified version of?

Answer 35

24 June 1793
Declaration of Rights from 11 June

Question 36

What did the Jacobin const establish?

Answer 36

An Executive Council
Subservient to Assembly
Replace king & his ministers

Question 37

What was the outcome of the plebiscite?
When was the new const enacted?

Answer 37

1,800,000 for
11,000 against
Never

Question 38

What was the principle value of the Jacobin const?

Answer 38

Society more important than the individual