Chapter 10: Robespierre & Wartime Control, Fall Of Girondins & Federalist Revolt Flashcards
In 1793, where did threats to the republic come from?
External & internal enemies
Who supported the wartime ‘extraordinary’ measures?
Why
Jacobins & leader, Robespierre
Wanted to win the wars
Reassure Parisian sans-culottes that deputies were responding to needs
What was the effect of the ‘extraordinary’ wartime measures?
Strengthened Jacobin voice
Weakening Girondins voice (opp strong central control)
When & what were the 7 wartime measures?
Oct 1792, Committee of General Safety
Feb 1793, Drafting
March 1793, represents-en-mission
March 1793, Rev Tribunal est
19 March 1793, law for rebels
March 1793, Comites de surveillance
April 1793, Committee of Public Safety
What was the Committee of General Safety (CGS)? (1)
Policing & administration of justice
Reported to National Convention
How large was the Feb 1793 draft?
How was this achieved? (2)
300,000
Voluntary is possible, ballot if necessary
What was the representants-en-mission? (3)
Representatives-en-mission
Ensure loyalty & functioning of departements
Maintain public order
Ensure food supplies
Ensure morale for troops & loyalty to generals
What was the rev Tribunal? (4)
To try counter-revs
5 judges
A public prosecutor w/ 2 assistants
Jurymen elected by NC
What was the law put in place on 19 march 1793? (5)
Decreed rebels bearing arms could be executed w/o appeal within 24 hours
What was the Comites de surveillance? (6)
Est in all towns & communes for suspicious behaviour
Suspects handed to tribunals
Former nobles & church men not eligible
What was the Committee of Public Safety (CPS)? (7)
Responsible for war, diplomacy, supplies, army control, application of rev laws
Above CGS
9 members, elected monthly
What accompanies the ‘extraordinary’ measures?
Propaganda
Why did Robespierre see benefit in supporting food rioters?
Discredit Girondins rivals
When were the food riots?
Who was involved with the food riots?
As the war went badly, 1793
Sans-culottes
Encouraged by emigres
Why did the food riots occur?
Food prices rose as war went badly
What did the food rioters call for?
How did the NC respond?
Price controls on basic goods
Blocked the decrees
When were there disturbances during the food riots?
Why?
Feb - March 1793
Prices of commodities: bread, soap, sugar
How did the Jacobins attack the Girondins during the food riots?
Jacobin Jean-Paul Marat published articles blaming Girondins for French problems
Portrayed as bourgeois
How did the Girondins retaliate to Marat’s writings?
How did this go badly?
Apr 1793 indictment for Marrat arrest
Against principle of Convention members being immune from prosecution for their views
Where was Marrat tried?
What was the outcome?
Rev Tribunal
Acquitted 12 days later
Delighted sans-culottes
How did Danton use the indictment of Marat to the Jacobins advantage?
Portray Girondins as enemies of liberty & the republic
When were the first price controls established?
How was this achieved?
Who opposed?
3 May 1793
Sans-culottes surrounded convention demanding price controls
Enabled Robespierre to get law
Girondins
What did Robespierre call for on 26 May 1793?
Rising against ‘corrupt deputies’ (Girondins) in Convention
When were the Girondins expelled from the Convention?
By who?
May 31 - June 2 1793
Sans-culottes
National Guards
What caused the Plain to support/allow the motion expelling of the Girondins?
Crowd of 80-100,000 assembled at Convention on 2 June
Some physically prevented from leaving
Who won the expelling of the Girondins?
How many were expelled?
‘The Mountain’
29
What was 1 consequence of expelling the Girondins?
Submitting to power of sans-culottes & armed force
What was the Federalist revolt?
Backlash to expulsion of Girondins in departements (where G supp greatest)
60/83 departements
Jacobin leaders forced out of office
What was the Federalist revolt a reaction to?
What did the Jacobins say it was?
Jacobin strong central control in Paris
Counter rev
What did the Federalist revolt pose danger of?
What made this worse?
Civil War
Rebellions in the Vendee, March 1793
What district went furthest in the Federalist revolt?
Why was this an issue?
Toulon
Merged with royalist reaction
Key naval base with 1/3 of French navy
Who did Toulon appeal help from?
Who did they declare king?
Anglo-Spanish fleet
Louis XVII
How was Toulon dealt with?
Rev army swiftly laid siege
Taken in Dec thanks to Napoleon
When were most of the Federalist revolt risings crushed?
July - Oct 1793
When was the Jacobin constitution drawn up?
What was it a modified version of?
24 June 1793
Declaration of Rights from 11 June
What did the Jacobin const establish?
An Executive Council
Subservient to Assembly
Replace king & his ministers
What was the outcome of the plebiscite?
When was the new const enacted?
1,800,000 for
11,000 against
Never
What was the principle value of the Jacobin const?
Society more important than the individual
