Chapter 18 Flashcards
Who was educated under Napoleon’s consulate?
Not everyone
Ecole populaire: majority attended primary schools run locally
Lycees: secondary school for boys from property owning classes
What was education supposed to provide the nation with under Napoleon’s consulate?
Local gov: civilian offices & administrators
Loyal, disciplined army
How did Napoleon aid the idea of fraternity through education reforms?
Fraternity: bind nation together)
Gov to take direct central control over provision
What was the Imperial University?
1808
Prime uni in France
Central control: regulated all lycees & colleges
A durable institution
How did Napoleon’s Imperial University treat teachers?
Trained
Sanctioned secondary schools
Total obedience:
Teachers oath of loyalty
Petty restriction, i.e. prison for Paris trip w/o permission
How many lycees were there?
What was their main purpose?
Initially 37, eventually 40
Est 1802
Militarised secondary schools
How were lycees (secondary schools) standardised/common?
Gov appointed teachers
Common syllabus from identical textbooks
No room for freedom of expression
If some rich boys weren’t sent to the lycees, where could they go?
An expensive private church school
Since when had there been conflict with the Catholic church?
Since 1790
What was Catholicism equal/congruent with?
What did this mean Catholic support from Napoleon equal to?
Monarchism
Strengthened stability
What did Napoleon acknowledge the power of religion as?
A social bond
Reason for social hierarchy
Why could Napoleon not ignore the public support for Catholicism?
Recovery of public Catholic worship under the Directory
Needed public support
What was the Concordat?
Agreement with the pope (Catholic church)
July 1801
What was the Concordat similar to?
The Civil Const of the Clergy
Controversial but not betraying rev
How did the Concordat create a state controlled church & clergy?
Confirms end of church & state separation
Clergy become civil servants:
Payed by state
Appointed by gov
Oath
How was the Catholic church to supp the rev through the Concordat?
Cath church to recognise rev
No attempt to recover lost lands
How did the Concordat extend religious freedom?
Catholic worship freely exercised in France
Other religious faiths also accepted
Who was the new Pope in 1800?
What did this mean?
Pope Puis VII
New Pope Louis XVI hadn’t dealt with
How was the Concordat good for Pope Puis VII?
Offered new agreement
France strong & successes in Italy make Pope weak to negotiate/refuse
When was St Napoleon’s day?
How was it ground breaking?
Aug 16th (day aft N birthday)
Napoleon got acceptance of Pope for a gov not led by a Bourbon prince like know one else had ever
How did the Concordat heal old wounds & get support for Napoleon’s regime?
Deprived Pope
Church subservient to the state since Const of Clergy
Glory, prestige & validity of regime
Who might the Concordat reconcile to Napoleon’s regime?
Loyalty & support from:
Opposing nobles & priests
Owners of former church land as lost lands not recovered
What was Imperial Catechism?
1806
Catholic teachings
Standardised numerous existing church catechisms
Propaganda: preachers spread what Napoleon wants
Example 1 of Imperial Catechism teachings
What are duties to ‘Princes’ who govern & what do we owe to Napoleon?
Congregation recites response message
Example 2 of Imperial Catechism teachings
Why are there duties to Napoleon?
Put there by God (hints Divine Right of Kings)
How did Napoleon use press censorship to control the French people?
N controls limited sources of info:
News on bulletins
Le Moniteur (gov newspaper)
1811: only 4 newspapers remain
What happened to Parisian political journals through Napoleon’s press censorship?
Jan 1800: reduced no 73 to 13
9 remain at end of 1800
How did Napoleon use the order of the day as propaganda?
Orders to soldiers often leaked to press to show his ‘great military brain & success’
How was Le Moniteur (gov newspaper) used as propaganda?
Exaggerated
Napoleon self-promotion
Who was Napoleon’s propaganda minister?
Jacques Louis David
How did Napoleon use his 1797 successful Italian campaign as propaganda?
Commissioned >30 pictures
Made into postcards to travel around
How did Napoleon use books & plays as censorship?
If wanted to publish, 2 copies to be sent to censors
Printers swear oath of loyalty to gov
Give 6 examples of Napoleon’s art propaganda
Battle of Eylan
Bonaparte on Grand-Saint-Bernard pass
N on throne as emperor
The Emperor as Legislator
Bonaparte at Arcole
Bonaparte visiting plague victims at Jaffa (1799)
Give 6 examples of Napoleon’s architecture propaganda
The Arc du Triomphe du Carrousel
Vendome column
L’église de la Madeleine
