Chapter 18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was educated under Napoleon’s consulate?

A

Not everyone
Ecole populaire: majority attended primary schools run locally
Lycees: secondary school for boys from property owning classes

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2
Q

What was education supposed to provide the nation with under Napoleon’s consulate?

A

Local gov: civilian offices & administrators
Loyal, disciplined army

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3
Q

How did Napoleon aid the idea of fraternity through education reforms?

A

Fraternity: bind nation together)
Gov to take direct central control over provision

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4
Q

What was the Imperial University?

A

1808
Prime uni in France
Central control: regulated all lycees & colleges
A durable institution

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5
Q

How did Napoleon’s Imperial University treat teachers?

A

Trained
Sanctioned secondary schools
Total obedience:
Teachers oath of loyalty
Petty restriction, i.e. prison for Paris trip w/o permission

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6
Q

How many lycees were there?
What was their main purpose?

A

Initially 37, eventually 40
Est 1802
Militarised secondary schools

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7
Q

How were lycees (secondary schools) standardised/common?

A

Gov appointed teachers
Common syllabus from identical textbooks
No room for freedom of expression

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8
Q

If some rich boys weren’t sent to the lycees, where could they go?

A

An expensive private church school

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9
Q

Since when had there been conflict with the Catholic church?

A

Since 1790

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10
Q

What was Catholicism equal/congruent with?
What did this mean Catholic support from Napoleon equal to?

A

Monarchism
Strengthened stability

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11
Q

What did Napoleon acknowledge the power of religion as?

A

A social bond
Reason for social hierarchy

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12
Q

Why could Napoleon not ignore the public support for Catholicism?

A

Recovery of public Catholic worship under the Directory
Needed public support

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13
Q

What was the Concordat?

A

Agreement with the pope (Catholic church)
July 1801

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14
Q

What was the Concordat similar to?

A

The Civil Const of the Clergy
Controversial but not betraying rev

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15
Q

How did the Concordat create a state controlled church & clergy?

A

Confirms end of church & state separation
Clergy become civil servants:
Payed by state
Appointed by gov
Oath

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16
Q

How was the Catholic church to supp the rev through the Concordat?

A

Cath church to recognise rev
No attempt to recover lost lands

17
Q

How did the Concordat extend religious freedom?

A

Catholic worship freely exercised in France
Other religious faiths also accepted

18
Q

Who was the new Pope in 1800?
What did this mean?

A

Pope Puis VII
New Pope Louis XVI hadn’t dealt with

19
Q

How was the Concordat good for Pope Puis VII?

A

Offered new agreement
France strong & successes in Italy make Pope weak to negotiate/refuse

20
Q

When was St Napoleon’s day?
How was it ground breaking?

A

Aug 16th (day aft N birthday)
Napoleon got acceptance of Pope for a gov not led by a Bourbon prince like know one else had ever

21
Q

How did the Concordat heal old wounds & get support for Napoleon’s regime?

A

Deprived Pope
Church subservient to the state since Const of Clergy
Glory, prestige & validity of regime

22
Q

Who might the Concordat reconcile to Napoleon’s regime?

A

Loyalty & support from:
Opposing nobles & priests
Owners of former church land as lost lands not recovered

23
Q

What was Imperial Catechism?

A

1806
Catholic teachings
Standardised numerous existing church catechisms
Propaganda: preachers spread what Napoleon wants

24
Q

Example 1 of Imperial Catechism teachings

A

What are duties to ‘Princes’ who govern & what do we owe to Napoleon?
Congregation recites response message

25
Q

Example 2 of Imperial Catechism teachings

A

Why are there duties to Napoleon?
Put there by God (hints Divine Right of Kings)

26
Q

How did Napoleon use press censorship to control the French people?

A

N controls limited sources of info:
News on bulletins
Le Moniteur (gov newspaper)
1811: only 4 newspapers remain

27
Q

What happened to Parisian political journals through Napoleon’s press censorship?

A

Jan 1800: reduced no 73 to 13
9 remain at end of 1800

28
Q

How did Napoleon use the order of the day as propaganda?

A

Orders to soldiers often leaked to press to show his ‘great military brain & success’

29
Q

How was Le Moniteur (gov newspaper) used as propaganda?

A

Exaggerated
Napoleon self-promotion

30
Q

Who was Napoleon’s propaganda minister?

A

Jacques Louis David

31
Q

How did Napoleon use his 1797 successful Italian campaign as propaganda?

A

Commissioned >30 pictures
Made into postcards to travel around

32
Q

How did Napoleon use books & plays as censorship?

A

If wanted to publish, 2 copies to be sent to censors
Printers swear oath of loyalty to gov

33
Q

Give 6 examples of Napoleon’s art propaganda

A

Battle of Eylan
Bonaparte on Grand-Saint-Bernard pass
N on throne as emperor
The Emperor as Legislator
Bonaparte at Arcole
Bonaparte visiting plague victims at Jaffa (1799)

34
Q

Give 6 examples of Napoleon’s architecture propaganda

A

The Arc du Triomphe du Carrousel
Vendome column
L’église de la Madeleine