Chapter 11 - Coming Of The Terror, Jun - Sep 1793, Influence Of Sans-culottes Flashcards
Who were the Montagnards?
Jacobin deputies in National Convention to supp Robespierre
‘the Mountain’ - sat on the high benches
What gave the Montagnards & Robespierre the opportunity to dominate government?
Expulsion of leading Girondins
Made ‘moderate’ faction in convention collapse
How did the Montagnards & Robespierre dominate government?
Less through open convention
More through Committee of Public Safety:
Supervised Executive Council measures & could suspend them
Oversaw Committee of General Safety
Supervised represents-en-mission
How did the Committee of Public Safety show limited constraint?
What was this in despite of?
Members 9 to 12
Members supp to change monthly, from Sep clique of dom members emerged
Took some control of finances, giving independence
‘safeguards’ to limit restraint
How was the CPS able to govern between Sep 1793 - July 1794?
Why did it meet at night?
Virtually unchallenged
Because work of Convention & Jacobin Club over
How did the CPS bring arbitrary government to France?
What did it also bring?
Intense & ruthless campaign to destroy counter-revs & win the war
The Terror
What brought to Terror to France?
The rise & dominance of the Committee of Public Safety, especially over the National Convention
Dominated by Montagnards & Robespierre
Fear of counter-rev
Why did the Montagnards sold themselves to the sans-culottes?
How did Robespierre feel about this?
To remove the moderating voice of the Girondins from NC
Not comfortable
Why was the support of the sans-culottes for Robespierre needed to oust the Girondins?
Maintain his political ascendancy
What posed a threat to the CPS & Convention?
Sans-culottes demands for arrest of ‘suspects’ & action
Why did the sans-culottes demand the arrest of ‘suspects’ & action
Grain shortages & unemployment caused constant riots in Paris
Marat murdered 13 July causing more agitation
What did the sans-culottes do on September 5th 1794?
Marched again on Convention
Demanded:
Lower bread prices
Higher wages
Attack on those oppressing the people
What was the outcome of the 5th September sans-culotte march on the Convention?
Convention promise action on grain-hoarders & counter-revs
2 activist popular with sans-culottes join CPS
What were the 3 major pieces of legislation that came out of the 5th September march?
9 Sep - armees revolutionnaires
17 Sep - Law of Suspects
27 Sep - New Law of General Maximum
What was the armees revolutionnaires?
Result of 5th Sep march
Sans-culotte paramilitary forces
Force farmers to surrender grain
Attack hoarders
