Chapter 21B

Question 1

What was Elan?

Answer 1

Enthusiasm introduced by N
Foreign to enemy
(massing of superior forces)

Question 2

What was Napoleon’s original fighting plan?

Answer 2

Division of troops
Thought ahead
Allowed for defeats
(massing of superior forces)

Question 3

What was ‘ordermixte’?

Answer 3

Mixed army
Made a loyal & experienced fighting unit
(massing of superior forces)

Question 4

What was the levee en mass?

Answer 4

Forced conscription
brought together all classes, but mass were the poor
‘nation of arms’ - N military power based on power of whole nation
(massing of superior forces)

Question 5

What other factors made Napoleon’s forces superior?

Answer 5

Unprecedented army size
Veterans from rev wars
Flexibility confused enemies
(massing of superior forces)

Question 6

Why was Napoleon’s use of artillery a reason for French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 6

N exploited his artillery background
(use of artillery)

Question 7

Why were the French well equipped 1799-1808?

Answer 7

Catching up on the industrial rev
(use of artillery)

Question 8

Why were shock tactics a reason for French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 8

Developed ways to maximise firepower
Heavy cavalry to break through enemy lines
(use of artillery)

Question 9

How did the weakness of the allied forces add to French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 9

Less well led, trained, fed, equipped
18th century wars used to be evenly matched - wasn’t

Question 10

How did the weakness of the relationships between the allied forces add to French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 10

Motivation/purpose not as strong as French - some paid by British to join war
Divided:
Could pin them against each other
Could fight one at a time

Question 11

How did Napoleon’s leadership lead to French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 11

Troop leaders develop own tactics
Gave soldiers a purpose
Morale
Mobile army
Good tactics
Army treated well:
Paid on time
Fed
Respected
Ignored plunder after victories

Question 12

How did rapid mobility lead to French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 12

Travelled light: no tents & slept in open to travel faster
Carried no food, lived off the land

Question 13

How did military organisation lead to French military success 1799-1808?

Answer 13

Diff regiments could choose form of attack
Education military led
Shock tactics:
Cavalry to break through enemy lines
Use of light for more firepower

Question 14

By 1810, who ruled the principality of Luca?

Answer 14

Elisa Bonaparte
Sister
1806-14

Question 15

By 1810, who ruled the kingdom of Italy?

Answer 15

Engene Beauharnais
Stepson
1806-14

Question 16

By 1810, who ruled the kingdom of Westphalia?

Answer 16

Jerome Bonaparte
Brother
1797-1813

Question 17

By 1810, who ruled the kingdom of Holland?

Answer 17

Louis Bonaparte
Brother
1806-10

Question 18

By 1810, who ruled the Grand Duchy of Berg?

Answer 18

Joachim Murat
Husband of Napoleon’s sister
1806-08

Louis
N nephew
1808-14

Question 19

By 1810, who ruled the Principality of Guastalla?

Answer 19

Pauline Bonaparte
Sister
1805-14

Question 20

By 1810, who ruled the kingdom of Spain?

Answer 20

Joseph Bonaparte
Brother
1808-13

Question 21

What were the main values of having an Empire?

Answer 21

Contributed to income through tax
Provided materials & revenue
Source of patronage, seized land given as reward for service
Provided men for army

Question 22

What were the main problems of having an empire?

Answer 22

Nucleus of French army more loyal & motivated than men from satellite states
Training given to europe states helped when they turned on N in 1813-4
Resentment to conscription, tax, blockade
Imposed an alien culture, giving rise to nationalist movements sought to destroy N empire