Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Flashcards
what are two solutions of photorespiration- what plants
c4 plants and cam plants
what does calvin cycle use
ATP and NADPH to synthesize sugars from CO2
mesophyll and bundle shealth cells both has
chloroplast
what light is reflected in photosynthesis
green
pigments
molecules that absorb and reflects different wavelength of sunlight
stroma
semifluid
what products does calvin cycle use from light rxns
atp and nadph
bundle sheath cell of c4 plants
calvin cycle occurs in
photosystem 1 replaces its lost electrons how
by electrons from photosystem 2
reaction center
contains a pair of chlorophyll a molecules whose electron absorb light energy and becomes excited moving a higher energy
how does c4 plants over photoresiration
by seperating carbon fixation from the calvin cycle using two different type of cells: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells
example of c4 plants
sugar cane and corn
calvin cycle happens when for cam plants
during day
what is similar to NADH and why?
NADPH, It carries 2e-
The reaction center pair of chloropyll a molecules of photosystem 1 absorb light with wavelength
700nm
both photoautotrophs and heterotrophs have in common
carry out cellular respiration - make atp
example of photosynthetic bacteria
cyanobacteria
light harvesting complexes aka
antenna complex
what carries out only photosynthesis - what type of troph
photoautotroph
troph mean
food
photosystem 2 uses high energy to make
atp
where does photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast
thylakoid membrane and stroma
overall calvin cycle uses ___ atp and ____ NADPH to make ____
18,12, to make one molecule of glucose
example of photoautotrophs
plants, algae, cyanobacteria
what is a direct product of calvin cycle
g3p, glyceraldehyde 3 phospate
where does cellular respiration occur
mitchondria and cytoplasm
what is the function of antenna complex
one of the pigments absorbs light energy and passes it to other pigment molecules until it reaches the reaction center
photorespiration requires what
sunlight
what are heterotrophs
use food made by someone else
vein
transport water and sugar to plant
what gas goes in the stoma
co2
carbon fixation happens when for cam plants
at night
photo mean
light
granum
stack of thylakoids
light reactions
occurs during the day
what type of transport with atp synthase and what gradient
passive transport (facillitate difussion), down
what is released when electron is in the excited state
heat and photon
auto mean
self
with chlorophyll molecule, what gets it excited
photon of light
what doesn’t require sunglight, what reaction
dark reaction or calvin cycle
what happens when electrons move from one molecule to another
lose energy
what is not a direct product
glucose
what kind of process is photorespiration
wasteful process
where does calvin cycle occur
in stroma
chlorophyll a and b reflects what color
green
hetero mean
other
concentration of hydrogen in stroma
low on outside
step 2 (reduction) calvin cycle (endergonic or exergonic)
12 pga + 12 atp + 12 NADPH ——> 12g3p + 12 NADP+ + 12 ADP + 12 Pi, endergonic
what light do we see
reflected light
what gas comes out the stoma
o2
what happens when leaves don’t have anymore chlorophyll
they die and fall off
what is the last step with photosystems
high energy electrons are then donated to primary electron acceptor
why hot, dry weather is a problem for some plants
in order to reduce water loss, plants keep stomata closed. they prevent co2 from entering and oxygen from exiting the leaf
what type of reaction is photosynthesis
endergonic rx
example of photosynthetic protist
algae
bundle sheath cells
protects leaf vein and are involed in photosynthesis in c4 plants
carontenoid reflects what color
red, yelllow, and orange pigments
stoma/stomata
responsible for gas exchange
step 1 (carbon fixation) of calvin cycle
6 co2 combine with rubp to produdce 12 3-pga; this requires rubisco
in fall, what happenes to leaves
leaves has more cartenoids than chlorophyll
in spring, what happens to leaves
leaves has more chlorophyll than cartenoids
what reaction requires sunlight
light rxn
calvin cycle aka…
dark reaction
what happens when the concentration of oxygen is too high, what is the name of this condition
rubisco binds to oxygen instead of co2, photorespiration
example of heterotrophs
animal, fungi, many protist, and bacteria
epidermis
plant skin to protect
where does light reactions occur
in thylakoid membrane
calvin cycle
doesn’t require sunglight, only need products from light reactions
in light reactions of photosynthesis electrons always move
from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1
step 3 (release of g3p) calvin cycle
2 g3p leave the calvin cycle and are used to make glucose and other sugars
cuticle
h20 loss
what is reduced in photosynthesis and to what?
co2, glucose
light reaction is what type of reaction
exergonic
photorespiration uses what
atp
ground state
low energy state
photosynthesis is what type of reaction
endergonic
what are photoautotrophs
make own food using sunlight
mesophyll cell of c4 plants
this is where carbon fixation occurs in
hydrogen move through atp synthase from _____ to _____
thylakoid space back to the stroma
hydrogen pump uses energy from ______ to move hydrgoen from ______ to the ______
electrons, stroma, thylakoid space
The reaction center pair of chloropyll a molecules of photosystem 2 absorb light with wavelength
680 nm
photosystem
cluster of proteins, chlorophylls and caroteinoids
what pigments are needed for photosynthesis
chlorophylls and carotenoids
mesophyll
cells that contain chloroplast
atp synthase
makes atp from adp and Pi
how many types of photosystems
two
what is the final electron accepter in light reactions
NADP+
what is oxidized in photosynthesis and to what?
water, o2
cam plants overcome photorespiration by
performing carbon fixation and calvin cycle in the mesophyll cells but at different times of day
light harvesting complexes
consist of protiens and pigments
calvin cycle must turn how many times to make _____ to make _____
6 times, 6 carbons, glucose
photosystem 1 uses high energy electrons to make
NADPH
step 4 ( regeneration of RuBP) calvin cycle (endergonic or exergonic)
the remaining 10 g3p react with 6 atp to produce 6 ruBP and 6 ADP, endergonic
example of c4 plants
corn and sugar cane
where does photosynthesis occur
in chloroplast
how do plants absorb energy from the sun
pigments
what does light reactions make
ATP, NADPH, O2
what is the equation for photosynthesis
6c02 + 6h2o with light energy ——> glucose + 602
photon of light
energy
calvin cycle is what type of reaction
endergonic
photorespiration uses what to produce _____ and _____
oxygen, co2 and water
photosystem 2 replaces is lost electrons by
splitting or oxidizing water
guard cells
open and closes the stoma
hydrogen pumps - what type of concentraton gradient and what transport
up, active transport
cellular respiration is what type of rxn
exergonic
concentration of hydrogen in thylakoid space
greater inside
example of cam plant
pineapple
products or reactants of photosynthesis has more energy
products
excited state
high energy level because they gain energy from the sun
