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Biology > Chapter 7: Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are two solutions of photorespiration- what plants

A

c4 plants and cam plants

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2
Q

what does calvin cycle use

A

ATP and NADPH to synthesize sugars from CO2

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3
Q

mesophyll and bundle shealth cells both has

A

chloroplast

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4
Q

what light is reflected in photosynthesis

A

green

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5
Q

pigments

A

molecules that absorb and reflects different wavelength of sunlight

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6
Q

stroma

A

semifluid

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7
Q

what products does calvin cycle use from light rxns

A

atp and nadph

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8
Q

bundle sheath cell of c4 plants

A

calvin cycle occurs in

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9
Q

photosystem 1 replaces its lost electrons how

A

by electrons from photosystem 2

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10
Q

reaction center

A

contains a pair of chlorophyll a molecules whose electron absorb light energy and becomes excited moving a higher energy

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11
Q

how does c4 plants over photoresiration

A

by seperating carbon fixation from the calvin cycle using two different type of cells: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells

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12
Q

example of c4 plants

A

sugar cane and corn

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13
Q

calvin cycle happens when for cam plants

A

during day

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14
Q

what is similar to NADH and why?

A

NADPH, It carries 2e-

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15
Q

The reaction center pair of chloropyll a molecules of photosystem 1 absorb light with wavelength

A

700nm

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16
Q

both photoautotrophs and heterotrophs have in common

A

carry out cellular respiration - make atp

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17
Q

example of photosynthetic bacteria

A

cyanobacteria

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18
Q

light harvesting complexes aka

A

antenna complex

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19
Q

what carries out only photosynthesis - what type of troph

A

photoautotroph

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20
Q

troph mean

A

food

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21
Q

photosystem 2 uses high energy to make

A

atp

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22
Q

where does photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast

A

thylakoid membrane and stroma

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23
Q

overall calvin cycle uses ___ atp and ____ NADPH to make ____

A

18,12, to make one molecule of glucose

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24
Q

example of photoautotrophs

A

plants, algae, cyanobacteria

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25
Q

what is a direct product of calvin cycle

A

g3p, glyceraldehyde 3 phospate

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26
Q

where does cellular respiration occur

A

mitchondria and cytoplasm

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27
Q

what is the function of antenna complex

A

one of the pigments absorbs light energy and passes it to other pigment molecules until it reaches the reaction center

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28
Q

photorespiration requires what

A

sunlight

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29
Q

what are heterotrophs

A

use food made by someone else

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30
Q

vein

A

transport water and sugar to plant

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31
Q

what gas goes in the stoma

A

co2

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32
Q

carbon fixation happens when for cam plants

A

at night

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33
Q

photo mean

A

light

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34
Q

granum

A

stack of thylakoids

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35
Q

light reactions

A

occurs during the day

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36
Q

what type of transport with atp synthase and what gradient

A

passive transport (facillitate difussion), down

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37
Q

what is released when electron is in the excited state

A

heat and photon

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38
Q

auto mean

A

self

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39
Q

with chlorophyll molecule, what gets it excited

A

photon of light

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40
Q

what doesn’t require sunglight, what reaction

A

dark reaction or calvin cycle

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41
Q

what happens when electrons move from one molecule to another

A

lose energy

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42
Q

what is not a direct product

A

glucose

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43
Q

what kind of process is photorespiration

A

wasteful process

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44
Q

where does calvin cycle occur

A

in stroma

45
Q

chlorophyll a and b reflects what color

A

green

46
Q

hetero mean

A

other

47
Q

concentration of hydrogen in stroma

A

low on outside

48
Q

step 2 (reduction) calvin cycle (endergonic or exergonic)

A

12 pga + 12 atp + 12 NADPH ——> 12g3p + 12 NADP+ + 12 ADP + 12 Pi, endergonic

49
Q

what light do we see

A

reflected light

50
Q

what gas comes out the stoma

A

o2

51
Q

what happens when leaves don’t have anymore chlorophyll

A

they die and fall off

52
Q

what is the last step with photosystems

A

high energy electrons are then donated to primary electron acceptor

53
Q

why hot, dry weather is a problem for some plants

A

in order to reduce water loss, plants keep stomata closed. they prevent co2 from entering and oxygen from exiting the leaf

54
Q

what type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

endergonic rx

55
Q

example of photosynthetic protist

A

algae

56
Q

bundle sheath cells

A

protects leaf vein and are involed in photosynthesis in c4 plants

57
Q

carontenoid reflects what color

A

red, yelllow, and orange pigments

58
Q

stoma/stomata

A

responsible for gas exchange

59
Q

step 1 (carbon fixation) of calvin cycle

A

6 co2 combine with rubp to produdce 12 3-pga; this requires rubisco

60
Q

in fall, what happenes to leaves

A

leaves has more cartenoids than chlorophyll

61
Q

in spring, what happens to leaves

A

leaves has more chlorophyll than cartenoids

62
Q

what reaction requires sunlight

A

light rxn

63
Q

calvin cycle aka…

A

dark reaction

64
Q

what happens when the concentration of oxygen is too high, what is the name of this condition

A

rubisco binds to oxygen instead of co2, photorespiration

65
Q

example of heterotrophs

A

animal, fungi, many protist, and bacteria

66
Q

epidermis

A

plant skin to protect

67
Q

where does light reactions occur

A

in thylakoid membrane

68
Q

calvin cycle

A

doesn’t require sunglight, only need products from light reactions

69
Q

in light reactions of photosynthesis electrons always move

A

from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1

70
Q

step 3 (release of g3p) calvin cycle

A

2 g3p leave the calvin cycle and are used to make glucose and other sugars

71
Q

cuticle

A

h20 loss

72
Q

what is reduced in photosynthesis and to what?

A

co2, glucose

73
Q

light reaction is what type of reaction

A

exergonic

74
Q

photorespiration uses what

A

atp

75
Q

ground state

A

low energy state

76
Q

photosynthesis is what type of reaction

A

endergonic

77
Q

what are photoautotrophs

A

make own food using sunlight

78
Q

mesophyll cell of c4 plants

A

this is where carbon fixation occurs in

79
Q

hydrogen move through atp synthase from _____ to _____

A

thylakoid space back to the stroma

80
Q

hydrogen pump uses energy from ______ to move hydrgoen from ______ to the ______

A

electrons, stroma, thylakoid space

81
Q

The reaction center pair of chloropyll a molecules of photosystem 2 absorb light with wavelength

A

680 nm

82
Q

photosystem

A

cluster of proteins, chlorophylls and caroteinoids

83
Q

what pigments are needed for photosynthesis

A

chlorophylls and carotenoids

84
Q

mesophyll

A

cells that contain chloroplast

85
Q

atp synthase

A

makes atp from adp and Pi

86
Q

how many types of photosystems

A

two

87
Q

what is the final electron accepter in light reactions

A

NADP+

88
Q

what is oxidized in photosynthesis and to what?

A

water, o2

89
Q

cam plants overcome photorespiration by

A

performing carbon fixation and calvin cycle in the mesophyll cells but at different times of day

90
Q

light harvesting complexes

A

consist of protiens and pigments

91
Q

calvin cycle must turn how many times to make _____ to make _____

A

6 times, 6 carbons, glucose

92
Q

photosystem 1 uses high energy electrons to make

A

NADPH

93
Q

step 4 ( regeneration of RuBP) calvin cycle (endergonic or exergonic)

A

the remaining 10 g3p react with 6 atp to produce 6 ruBP and 6 ADP, endergonic

94
Q

example of c4 plants

A

corn and sugar cane

95
Q

where does photosynthesis occur

A

in chloroplast

96
Q

how do plants absorb energy from the sun

A

pigments

97
Q

what does light reactions make

A

ATP, NADPH, O2

98
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6c02 + 6h2o with light energy ——> glucose + 602

99
Q

photon of light

A

energy

100
Q

calvin cycle is what type of reaction

A

endergonic

101
Q

photorespiration uses what to produce _____ and _____

A

oxygen, co2 and water

102
Q

photosystem 2 replaces is lost electrons by

A

splitting or oxidizing water

103
Q

guard cells

A

open and closes the stoma

104
Q

hydrogen pumps - what type of concentraton gradient and what transport

A

up, active transport

105
Q

cellular respiration is what type of rxn

A

exergonic

106
Q

concentration of hydrogen in thylakoid space

A

greater inside

107
Q

example of cam plant

A

pineapple

108
Q

products or reactants of photosynthesis has more energy

A

products

109
Q

excited state

A

high energy level because they gain energy from the sun

Biology (14 decks)

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