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Biology > Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemical Basis of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the weakest chemical bond

A

hydrogen

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2
Q

Cell

A

fundamental unit of life

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3
Q

what are 3 essential trace elements?

A

iodine, iron, and flourine

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4
Q

what are the types of ions?

A

cations and ions

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5
Q

example of ecosystem

A

non living elements; h20, soil, air, and sunlight

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6
Q

How do we correct acidosis

A

By breathing or adding HCO3-

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7
Q

why does ice floats in water?

A

ice is less dense than liquid water, ice floats on water

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8
Q

cohesion

A

attraction of water molecules to each other through h bonds

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9
Q

Explains what happens when alkalosis occurs (co2, h2co3,H+,blood pH)

A

Decrease in carbon dioxide

Decrease in carbonic acid

Decrease in hydrogen atom

Increase in blood pHg

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10
Q

normal blood has the pH of what?

A

7.4, slightly basic

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11
Q

mass number

A

or protons + # of neutrons

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12
Q

element

A

substance cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means

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13
Q

What is the order of Biological Organization?

A

Biosphere, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism, Organs and organ systems, tissue, cell, organelle, molecule

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14
Q

protons

A

positively charged ions

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15
Q

What forms when the number of electrons change?

A

ions

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16
Q

Populational Level consist of what biological organization?

A

population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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17
Q

solvent

A

something that dissolves

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18
Q

electrons

A

negatively charged ions

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19
Q

valence shell determines

A

the chemical properties of the atom

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20
Q

Nervous system contains?

A

brain, spinal chord, and nerves

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21
Q

adhesion

A

attraction of water molecules to polar molecules other than water through h bonds

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22
Q

anions

A

negatively charged ions, resulting from the gain of electrons (-)

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23
Q

ion

A

atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of electrons

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24
Q

electronegativity

A

atoms attraction (pull) for shared electrons

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25
Q

range of acid solution?

A

0-6

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26
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Breathing too much

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27
Q

electron has the highest energy when?

A

furthest away from the nucleus

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28
Q

example of population

A

school master snapper

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29
Q

ex of biosphere

A

water in any form land and lower atmosphere

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30
Q

organism

A

complete living thing

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31
Q

polar covalent bond

A

unequally share their outer shell electrons due to substantial difference in electronegativities

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32
Q

What causes hyperventilation

A

Stress and anxiety

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33
Q

nonpolar covalent bonds

A

equally share their outer shell electrons, same or similar electronegativities

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34
Q

trace elements are essential for?

A

life but only in small amounts

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35
Q

cations

A

positively charged ions, resulting from the loss of electrons (+)

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36
Q

radioactive isotopes

A

nucleus breaks down (decays) spontaneously giving off particles and energy (radioactive decay)

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37
Q

What is the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer made of

A

H20 + Co2 H2CO3 (Carbonic acid) HCO3- (bicarbonate ion) + H+

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38
Q

Acidosis

A

Occurs when pH becomes too acidic due to high concentric of H+

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39
Q

What are the types of chemical bonds?

A

Covalent, Ionic, hydrogen

40
Q

Electrons are directly involved in what?

A

chemical activity

41
Q

Iodine is used for?

A

used to make thyroid hormones

42
Q

surface tension

A

measures of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid

43
Q

example of community

A

alligators, snakes, trees, and micro-organisms

44
Q

range of neutral solution

A

7

45
Q

number of neutrons

A

mass number - atomic number

46
Q

tissue

A

group of familiar cells that perform a specific function

47
Q

flourine is needed for?

A

reduce tooth decay

48
Q

pH scale measures

A

concentration of H+ ions in a solution and describes how acidic or basic it is

49
Q

how many elements are essential to life

A

25

50
Q

atomic mass

A

is approximately equal to its mass number

51
Q

solute

A

something being dissolved

52
Q

The cellular level contains what levels or organizations?

A

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell

53
Q

What happens to blood when you have alkalosis

A

Occurs when blood raises above 7.45

54
Q

biosphere

A

all of earths ecosystems

55
Q

emergent properties

A

new properties present at one level that are not seen in the previous level

56
Q

what is the strongest chemical bond

A

Covalent

57
Q

acid solution

A

concentration higher in H+ ions than OH-

58
Q

isotopes

A

atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number or neutrons

59
Q

Organelle

A

specialized part of the cell with its own specific funtion

60
Q

ecosystem

A

community and physical enviornment

61
Q

What does carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer

A

Maintains acid-base balance in our blood

62
Q

How is acidosis related to blood

A

Blood pH falls below 7.35

63
Q

neutral solution

A

concentration is equal in H+ ions and OH-

64
Q

Hydrogen bonds are more stable in water or ice?

A

ice

65
Q

What can cause hypoventilation

A

Pneumonia or emphysema (respiratory disease)

66
Q

valence shell

A

number of electrons in the outermost shell

67
Q

organ

A

body structure composed of serveral different tissue

68
Q

ionic bond

A

oppositely charged ions (cations and anions)

69
Q

How can alkalosis be corrected

A

By adding carbonic acid or by putting paper bag over the mouth and start breathing

70
Q

99% of our bodies is made up of

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen calcium, and phosphorus

71
Q

compound

A

substances consisting of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio

72
Q

Alkalosis is caused by what

A

Hyperventilation

73
Q

basic solution

A

concentration is lower in H+ ions than OH-

74
Q

hydrogen bond

A

forms between h atom and one molecule and oxygen, nitrogen, and flourine atom

75
Q

neutrons

A

no change ions

76
Q

Alkalosis

A

When blood pH becomes too basic due to lower concentration of H+ ions

77
Q

Hypoventilation

A

When we breathe too little

78
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest unit of an element

79
Q

population

A

group or organism of the same species living in the same place

80
Q

electrons shells indicate

A

amount of energy that an electron has

81
Q

Nerve cell does what?

A

transmit information to and from the brain

82
Q

buffer

A

substance that minimizes changes in pH

83
Q

Explains what happens when acidosis occurs (co2, h2co3,H+,blood pH)

A

Concentration in CO2 goes up

Carbonic acid goes up

Hydrogen ions goes up, meaning pH goes down

84
Q

atomic number

A

of protons

85
Q

Organism level contains what biological organizational levels?

A

tissue, organ, organ system, organism

86
Q

species

A

members that interbreed with each other

87
Q

Molecule

A

Group of two or more atoms

88
Q

range of basic solution

A

8-14

89
Q

chemical bonds

A

interactions resulting in atoms staying close together held by attraction

90
Q

What is caused by acidosis

A

Hypoventilation

91
Q

community

A

all the populations of a different species living in a a particular area

92
Q

Water molecules are most organized in water or ice?

A

ice

93
Q

iron is needed for?

A

oxygen transport in red blood cells

94
Q

chemcial reactions

A

formation and breaking of chemical bonds

95
Q

where are electrons located?

A

electrons shells

96
Q

covalent bond

A

form between atoms which share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons

97
Q

organ system

A

group of organs working together to perform a task

Biology (14 decks)

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