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Biology > Chapter 22- Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Chapter 22- Gas Exchange Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Gas exchange

A

Allows exchange of gases of co2 and o2 between an organism and its environment

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2
Q

Animals inhale ____ and exhale {_____

A

O2 and co2

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3
Q

Why do we need 02

A

To produce enough atp to remain alive

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4
Q

O2 and CO2 use what to enter and exit our cells

A

Simple diffusion

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5
Q

Simple diffusion is what type of transport

A

Passive

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6
Q

Passive transport

A

Without energy or help of transport proteins

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7
Q

Passive transport move ____ concentration gradient

A

Down

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8
Q

What must happen for exchange

A

Respiratory surface must be thin and moist

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9
Q

What does earthworms use to breathe

A

Skin

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10
Q

Who uses skin for gas exchange

A

Earthworms and frogs (amphibians)

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11
Q

Not all amphibians uses

A

Cutaneous respiration

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12
Q

Cutaneous respiration

A

Use skin for breathing

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13
Q

Earthworms and frogs skin must be _____ for gas exchange

A

Moist

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14
Q

How does earthworms transport gases and nutrients

A

Blood vessels

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15
Q

Most animals have what that promotes gas exchange

A

Specialized body parts

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16
Q

How do fish breath

A

Gills

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17
Q

Gills

A

Extension of body surface

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18
Q

Operculum

A

Hard plate that hovers and protects gills

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19
Q

Fish use what to transport gases and nutrients

A

Blood vessels

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20
Q

How do insects breath

A

Tracheal system (series of tubes)

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21
Q

Insects uses blood to transport

A

Nutrients but to gases

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22
Q

In insects what delivers oxygen to body cells

A

Tracheole

23
Q

How does gases move through insects

A

Spiracle to trachea to tracheole

24
Q

Spiracle

A

Opening for air

25
Q

What animals use lungs

A

Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

26
Q

How can air enter our bodies

A

Nose or mouth

27
Q

What is the path of air into our bodies

A

Nostril, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole

28
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle that helps breathing

29
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air filled sacs where gas exchange occur in humans

30
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Higher concentration of o2 than co2

31
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Higher in co2 than o2

32
Q

When we breathe in what happens to our thoracic cavity

A

The thoracic cavity increase creates a pressure that pulls airs in lungs

33
Q

What happens when the rib cage when we breathe

A

Rib cage expands and rib muscles contract

34
Q

What happens diaphragm when we breathe

A

Contacts (moves down and becomes flat)

35
Q

What is negative pressure breathing

A

Air is pulled into lungs

36
Q

Negative pressure breathing is exhibited by what and what group doesn’t use negative pressure breathing

A

Reptiles, birds, and mammals but not amphibians (pushed into lungs)

37
Q

When we breathe out what happens to rib cage

A

Rib cage gets smaller an ribs muscles relax

38
Q

What happens to volume of thoracic cavity when breathing out

A

Volume decreases

39
Q

What happens to diaphragm when breathing out

A

It relaxes and moves up (becoming dome shaped)

40
Q

How does oxygen move from the lungs to the rest of the body

A

Co2 and o2 move down their concentration gradient from the regions of higher to lower concentrations

41
Q

Oxygenated blood in the alveoli of the lungs move where

A

From the alveoli of the lungs to the heart from the heart to the rest of the tissue

42
Q

Deoxygenated blood move from the heart to

A

The the alveoli in the lungs

43
Q

Tissue cells have what type of concentrations (o2 and co2)

A

Have lower concentration of o2 and higher in co2

44
Q

What carries the gases around in the blood

A

Hemoglobin

45
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Protein that transport o2 and co2, or carbon monoxide and other gases

46
Q

Each red blood cell has about how many HB molecules

A

250 million

47
Q

1 hemoglobin has how many peptide chains and can transport how many molecules

A

4 and can transport how many molecules of o2

48
Q

Why is carbon monoxide is dangerous to us

A

It binds more strongly to hemoglobin than o2 causing us to no longer making atp and cells can’t survive

49
Q

How do we know when to breathe

A

When major blood vessels signals the medulla obliongota due to changes in pH

50
Q

How does a fetus breathe

A

Human fetus does not breathe with its lungs, it exchanges gases with maternal blood in the placenta

51
Q

What attracts more o2 than adult hemoglobin

A

Fetal hemoglobin

52
Q

At birth what increases in fetal blood

A

Co2 and breathing control center imitate breathing

53
Q

What happens to the lungs when people smoke

A

Destroyed alveoli and reduced surface area for gas exchange

Biology (14 decks)

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