Chapter 22- Gas Exchange Flashcards
Gas exchange
Allows exchange of gases of co2 and o2 between an organism and its environment
Animals inhale ____ and exhale {_____
O2 and co2
Why do we need 02
To produce enough atp to remain alive
O2 and CO2 use what to enter and exit our cells
Simple diffusion
Simple diffusion is what type of transport
Passive
Passive transport
Without energy or help of transport proteins
Passive transport move ____ concentration gradient
Down
What must happen for exchange
Respiratory surface must be thin and moist
What does earthworms use to breathe
Skin
Who uses skin for gas exchange
Earthworms and frogs (amphibians)
Not all amphibians uses
Cutaneous respiration
Cutaneous respiration
Use skin for breathing
Earthworms and frogs skin must be _____ for gas exchange
Moist
How does earthworms transport gases and nutrients
Blood vessels
Most animals have what that promotes gas exchange
Specialized body parts
How do fish breath
Gills
Gills
Extension of body surface
Operculum
Hard plate that hovers and protects gills
Fish use what to transport gases and nutrients
Blood vessels
How do insects breath
Tracheal system (series of tubes)
Insects uses blood to transport
Nutrients but to gases
In insects what delivers oxygen to body cells
Tracheole
How does gases move through insects
Spiracle to trachea to tracheole
Spiracle
Opening for air
What animals use lungs
Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
How can air enter our bodies
Nose or mouth
What is the path of air into our bodies
Nostril, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle that helps breathing
Alveoli
Tiny air filled sacs where gas exchange occur in humans
Oxygenated blood
Higher concentration of o2 than co2
Deoxygenated blood
Higher in co2 than o2
When we breathe in what happens to our thoracic cavity
The thoracic cavity increase creates a pressure that pulls airs in lungs
What happens when the rib cage when we breathe
Rib cage expands and rib muscles contract
What happens diaphragm when we breathe
Contacts (moves down and becomes flat)
What is negative pressure breathing
Air is pulled into lungs
Negative pressure breathing is exhibited by what and what group doesn’t use negative pressure breathing
Reptiles, birds, and mammals but not amphibians (pushed into lungs)
When we breathe out what happens to rib cage
Rib cage gets smaller an ribs muscles relax
What happens to volume of thoracic cavity when breathing out
Volume decreases
What happens to diaphragm when breathing out
It relaxes and moves up (becoming dome shaped)
How does oxygen move from the lungs to the rest of the body
Co2 and o2 move down their concentration gradient from the regions of higher to lower concentrations
Oxygenated blood in the alveoli of the lungs move where
From the alveoli of the lungs to the heart from the heart to the rest of the tissue
Deoxygenated blood move from the heart to
The the alveoli in the lungs
Tissue cells have what type of concentrations (o2 and co2)
Have lower concentration of o2 and higher in co2
What carries the gases around in the blood
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
Protein that transport o2 and co2, or carbon monoxide and other gases
Each red blood cell has about how many HB molecules
250 million
1 hemoglobin has how many peptide chains and can transport how many molecules
4 and can transport how many molecules of o2
Why is carbon monoxide is dangerous to us
It binds more strongly to hemoglobin than o2 causing us to no longer making atp and cells can’t survive
How do we know when to breathe
When major blood vessels signals the medulla obliongota due to changes in pH
How does a fetus breathe
Human fetus does not breathe with its lungs, it exchanges gases with maternal blood in the placenta
What attracts more o2 than adult hemoglobin
Fetal hemoglobin
At birth what increases in fetal blood
Co2 and breathing control center imitate breathing
What happens to the lungs when people smoke
Destroyed alveoli and reduced surface area for gas exchange
