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Biology > Chapter 23 - Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

The circulatory systems consist of

A

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

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2
Q

What is in the blood

A

Connective tissue: plasma and 3 cellular elements

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3
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid matrix

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4
Q

What are the functions of the blood

A

Transportation, regulation and protection

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5
Q

Blood is mostly made of

A

Plasma

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6
Q

Blood is made up of _____ of cellular elements

A

45

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7
Q

What are the cellular fragments of blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells,and platelets

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8
Q

Are there more red blood cells or white blood cells

A

RBC

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9
Q

Which cell is larger RBC OR WBC

A

WBC

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10
Q

The purpose of RBC

A

Transport o2 and co2

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11
Q

Purpose of white blood cells

A

Defense and immunity

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12
Q

What cells don’t have nucleus or other organelles but has hemoglobin

A

RBC and WBC

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13
Q

What doesn’t have nucleus but has other organelles

A

Platelets

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14
Q

What is blood cell fragments

A

Platelets

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15
Q

What are the five WBC

A

Basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes

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16
Q

All cellular blood cells are derived from what

A

Adult multi potent stem cells (in bone marrow)

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17
Q

What are two types of circulatory systems

A

Open and closed circulatory systems

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18
Q

Open circulatory systems

A

No distinction between circulatory and interstitial fluid (surrounds cells)

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19
Q

Where are circulatory systems found

A

In insects, clams, and snails (majority animals)

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20
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Distinct circulatory fluid (blood) is enclosed in blood vessels and does not mix with interstitial fluid

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21
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

Found in squids, earthworms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds

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22
Q

Another name of circulatory fluid

A

Hemolymph

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23
Q

What type of circulatory system does humans have

A

Closed

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24
Q

Type of blood vessels in the closed circulatory system

A

Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

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25
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels carries blood away from heart (oxygenated blood)

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26
Q

Arterioles

A

Larger than capillaries but smaller than arteries

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27
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels in our body that allow gases and nutrients to be exchanged between blood tissues

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28
Q

Venules

A

Larger than capillaries but smaller than veins

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29
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carries blood back to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood

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30
Q

Fish has what type of circulatory system, meaning what

A

Single circulation, has 2 chambered heart, 1 atrium and 1 ventricle

31
Q

What is unique about fish with their blood

A

Deoxygenated blood moves away and back to the heart

32
Q

Frogs have what type of circulation _________ and consisting what two circuits

A

Double circulation / pulmocutaneous circuit and system circuit

33
Q

Frogs or amphibians has how many chambers in heart

A

3; 2 atria and 1 undivided ventricle where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix together

34
Q

Pulmocuatenous circuit

A

Moves from heart to lungs and skin back to heart

35
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Blood moves to the heart and to the rest of body, back to heart

36
Q

Land vertebrates has was type of circulatory system

A

Double circulation consisting pulmonary and systemic circuit

37
Q

Lizards and snakes has what type of heart, what ventricle

A

3 chambered, and 1 partially divided ventricle

38
Q

Crocodiles and alligators have what type of heart and chambers

A

4 chambered heart, 2 atria and 2 ventricles

39
Q

Valves prevents what

A

Backflow of blood

40
Q

Left atrium and ventricle carries what

A

Oxygenated blood

41
Q

Left atrium receivers blood from oxygen from

A

Pulmonary veins

42
Q

What side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of body? Via what?

A

Left ventricle, via aorta

43
Q

Right atrium and ventricle carry what

A

Deoxygenated blood

44
Q

Deoxygenated blood travels where? From where?

A

Right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava

45
Q

Right ventricle pumps blood to where by what

A

Deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arties

46
Q

Diastole

A

The heart is relaxed, ventricles are filled with bloodsemilunar valves are closed

47
Q

Systole

A

The atria and ventricles contract pumping blood, semilunar valves are open

48
Q

What controls the heart

A

Pacemaker or SA node

49
Q

SA node, sinoatrial

A

Pace maker that initiates contraction of the heart muscle cells

50
Q

Where is the SA node found

A

Right atrium

51
Q

AV node

A

Atrial ventricular node

52
Q

Path that sends electrical current throughout the heart

A

SA node…AV node…Specialized muscle fibers…both ventricles

53
Q

What happens during a heart attack

A

Heart muscle becomes dead or damaged

54
Q

What starts a heart attack usually

A

Blocked coronary artery

55
Q

Coronary arteries

A

First branches of aorta that supply oxygenated blood the the heart muscle itself

56
Q

What is atherosclerosis

A

Cardiovascular disease in with fatty deposits in the walls of arteries narrow the blood vessels and restrict blood flow

57
Q

What is the bad cholesterol that can causes atherosclerosis

A

LDL

58
Q

Atherosclerosis can lead to

A

Heart attack or stroke

59
Q

Stroke

A

Death of brain tissue due to lack of oxygen because of blocked or ruptured brain arteries

60
Q

What are 3 main tissues

A

Epithelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue

61
Q

Why does arteries have to be thicker than veins

A

Due to higher blood pressure

62
Q

Connective tissue contains what

A

Fiber that allows vessels to recoil after sheathing

63
Q

Capillaries has single layer or

A

Epithelium to allow gas exchange

64
Q

What happens if blood vessel is torn

A

Then blood clot will form with the help of platelets

65
Q

Platelets trigger what

A

Trigger production of protein fibrin, we would bleed to death`

66
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels

67
Q

Pressure highest to lowest

A

Arteries, veins, and capillaries

68
Q

What is normal bp

A

120 (systole)
—————-
70 diastolic

69
Q

What three factors keep blood moving back to the heart

A

Skeletal muscle contractions, one way venous valves, and breathing

70
Q

What measures blood pressure

A

Sphygmomanometer

71
Q

When measuring blood pressure 1 st sound is

A

Systolic pressure

72
Q

When measuring blood pressure when sound stops

A

Diastolic pressure

73
Q

Blood pressure and osmotic pressure control what

A

Fluid levels

74
Q

How are substances transferred in and out of capillaries

A

Simple diffusion, endo and exocytois, squeezing through

Biology (14 decks)

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