Chapter 23 - Circulation Flashcards
The circulatory systems consist of
Heart, blood vessels, and blood
What is in the blood
Connective tissue: plasma and 3 cellular elements
Plasma
Fluid matrix
What are the functions of the blood
Transportation, regulation and protection
Blood is mostly made of
Plasma
Blood is made up of _____ of cellular elements
45
What are the cellular fragments of blood
Red blood cells, white blood cells,and platelets
Are there more red blood cells or white blood cells
RBC
Which cell is larger RBC OR WBC
WBC
The purpose of RBC
Transport o2 and co2
Purpose of white blood cells
Defense and immunity
What cells don’t have nucleus or other organelles but has hemoglobin
RBC and WBC
What doesn’t have nucleus but has other organelles
Platelets
What is blood cell fragments
Platelets
What are the five WBC
Basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes
All cellular blood cells are derived from what
Adult multi potent stem cells (in bone marrow)
What are two types of circulatory systems
Open and closed circulatory systems
Open circulatory systems
No distinction between circulatory and interstitial fluid (surrounds cells)
Where are circulatory systems found
In insects, clams, and snails (majority animals)
Closed circulatory system
Distinct circulatory fluid (blood) is enclosed in blood vessels and does not mix with interstitial fluid
Closed circulatory system
Found in squids, earthworms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, birds
Another name of circulatory fluid
Hemolymph
What type of circulatory system does humans have
Closed
Type of blood vessels in the closed circulatory system
Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
Arteries
Blood vessels carries blood away from heart (oxygenated blood)
Arterioles
Larger than capillaries but smaller than arteries
Capillaries
Smallest vessels in our body that allow gases and nutrients to be exchanged between blood tissues
Venules
Larger than capillaries but smaller than veins
Veins
Blood vessels that carries blood back to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood
Fish has what type of circulatory system, meaning what
Single circulation, has 2 chambered heart, 1 atrium and 1 ventricle
What is unique about fish with their blood
Deoxygenated blood moves away and back to the heart
Frogs have what type of circulation _________ and consisting what two circuits
Double circulation / pulmocutaneous circuit and system circuit
Frogs or amphibians has how many chambers in heart
3; 2 atria and 1 undivided ventricle where oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix together
Pulmocuatenous circuit
Moves from heart to lungs and skin back to heart
Systemic circuit
Blood moves to the heart and to the rest of body, back to heart
Land vertebrates has was type of circulatory system
Double circulation consisting pulmonary and systemic circuit
Lizards and snakes has what type of heart, what ventricle
3 chambered, and 1 partially divided ventricle
Crocodiles and alligators have what type of heart and chambers
4 chambered heart, 2 atria and 2 ventricles
Valves prevents what
Backflow of blood
Left atrium and ventricle carries what
Oxygenated blood
Left atrium receivers blood from oxygen from
Pulmonary veins
What side pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of body? Via what?
Left ventricle, via aorta
Right atrium and ventricle carry what
Deoxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood travels where? From where?
Right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava
Right ventricle pumps blood to where by what
Deoxygenated blood to lungs via pulmonary arties
Diastole
The heart is relaxed, ventricles are filled with bloodsemilunar valves are closed
Systole
The atria and ventricles contract pumping blood, semilunar valves are open
What controls the heart
Pacemaker or SA node
SA node, sinoatrial
Pace maker that initiates contraction of the heart muscle cells
Where is the SA node found
Right atrium
AV node
Atrial ventricular node
Path that sends electrical current throughout the heart
SA node…AV node…Specialized muscle fibers…both ventricles
What happens during a heart attack
Heart muscle becomes dead or damaged
What starts a heart attack usually
Blocked coronary artery
Coronary arteries
First branches of aorta that supply oxygenated blood the the heart muscle itself
What is atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease in with fatty deposits in the walls of arteries narrow the blood vessels and restrict blood flow
What is the bad cholesterol that can causes atherosclerosis
LDL
Atherosclerosis can lead to
Heart attack or stroke
Stroke
Death of brain tissue due to lack of oxygen because of blocked or ruptured brain arteries
What are 3 main tissues
Epithelium, smooth muscle and connective tissue
Why does arteries have to be thicker than veins
Due to higher blood pressure
Connective tissue contains what
Fiber that allows vessels to recoil after sheathing
Capillaries has single layer or
Epithelium to allow gas exchange
What happens if blood vessel is torn
Then blood clot will form with the help of platelets
Platelets trigger what
Trigger production of protein fibrin, we would bleed to death`
What is blood pressure
Force that blood exerts on the walls of blood vessels
Pressure highest to lowest
Arteries, veins, and capillaries
What is normal bp
120 (systole)
—————-
70 diastolic
What three factors keep blood moving back to the heart
Skeletal muscle contractions, one way venous valves, and breathing
What measures blood pressure
Sphygmomanometer
When measuring blood pressure 1 st sound is
Systolic pressure
When measuring blood pressure when sound stops
Diastolic pressure
Blood pressure and osmotic pressure control what
Fluid levels
How are substances transferred in and out of capillaries
Simple diffusion, endo and exocytois, squeezing through
