Chapter 7 - excretory system Flashcards
Afferent arteriole
Blood vessel that enters an organ
Collecting duct
Tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons
Deamination
The removal of the amino group from an amino acid molecule - happens in the liver. Amino group is converted to ammonia which is rapidly combined with CO2 to form urea. Molecule that’s left is converted into a carbohydrate.
Creatinine
A waste product from the break down of muscles
Distal convoluted tubule
Convoluted tubule after the loop of Henle. The convoluted tubules of several nephrons join at a l collecting duct.
Efferent arteriole
The blood vessel that leaves the glomerulus
Excretion
Removal of the wastes of metabolism from the bloodstream
Filtrate
Fluid remaining after filtration has taken place
Glomerular capsule
Double walled cup structure at the end of each kidney tubule that surrounds the glomerulus. collects water and the dissolved substances from the blood
Glomerular filtration
Filtration of blood in the kidneys. Happens in the glomerular corpuscle. Fluid is forced out of the blood in the glomerulus and is collected in the glomerular capsule.
Glomerulus
Tightly coiled mass of capillaries that are surrounded by the glomerular capsule
Kidneys
- functions
- through
Principal excretory organs of the human body. Functions are to rid the body of wastes especially nitrogenous wastes like urea and to regulate the balance of water, salt and pH. Through GF, SR and TS
Liver
Organ that is part of the excretory system. Where deamination occurs producing ammonium that is converted to urea as well as a molecule that is converted into a carbohydrate
Excretory system
Removes (excretes) waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream to regulate the internal environment. Lungs, skin, urinary sysetm (kidney, Ureters, Urethra, bladder)
Digestive system
Breaking down food that can be absorbed in the body as well as eliminating indigestible waste.
Loop of Henle
U shaped section of the kidney tubule. Plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate.
Peritubular capillaries
Capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, loop of Henle and the collecting duct
Proximal convoluted tubule
First convoluted tubule in the nephron tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle
Renal artery
Blood vessel that transports blood to the kidney
Renal capsule
Tough fibrous layer made of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney
Renal column
Divides the renal medulla into renal pyramids
Renal corpuscle
Filtration structure of the nephron composed of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule
Renal cortex
Outer part of the kidney
Renal medulla
Inner part of the kidney
Renal pelvis
Cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter
Renal pyramid
Section of the renal medulla
Renal tubule
Tube in the nephron that leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.
Renal vein
Blood vessel that transports blood away from the kidney
Selective reabsorption
Reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules back into the blood stream
Tubular secretion
Process where ions and drugs are secreted from the blood and into the nephron tubule. Hydrogen ions, potassium ions and drugs like penicillin.
Ureter
Tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder.
Urinary system - composition and responsible for
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Responsible for the secretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume, pH and conc. of other chemicals
Urine
Fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials. Main materials in the urine are water urea, uric acid creatinine and salts
Function excretory organ - lungs
Excreted carbon dioxide that is a waste product produced from cellular respiration
Function excretory organ
- liver
Important role in processing many substances so they can be excreted
Function excretory organ
- skin
secreted sweat which contains the by products of metabolism like salts, urea and lactic acid
Substances that dont pass through the glomerular filtration barrier
Erythrocytes, leucocytes, large proteins
