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Human bio definitions > Chapter 5 - circulatory system > Flashcards

Chapter 5 - circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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2
Q

Arteriole

A

Very small artery

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3
Q

Atrium

A

Chamber in the top of the heart

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4
Q

Atrioventricular valves

A

Valves within the heart that ensure the blood flows through in one direction only. Examples are the tricuspid valve (right side of the heart) and the bicuspid value (left side of the hear)t

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5
Q

Biconcave

A

Shape of RBC, concave on both sides, dipping inwards at the centre.

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6
Q

Blood clotting
forms due to

A

Formation of a blood clot, also known as coagulation. clotting factors turn soluble threads of fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin. The threads build up at the platelet plug, holding the clot in place.

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7
Q

Capillary

A

Microscopic blood vessel that links arterioles and venules

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8
Q

Carbaminohaemoglobin

A

Molecule resulting from combination of carbon dioxide and hemoglobin

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9
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Cycle of events that occurs in one complete heartbeat

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10
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Muscle that forms the wall of the heart

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11
Q

Chordae tendineae

A

Tendon like structures that connect papillary muscle to valves

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12
Q

Circulation

A

Movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

Circulatory system

A

Body’s transport system, consisting of the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph and lymph vessels

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14
Q

Clot

A

Blood cells, platelets and plasma trapped together in a mesh of fibrin

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15
Q

Clot retraction

A

Threads of fibrin (are formed in coagulation) become denser and stronger and pull the damaged blood vessel together.

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16
Q

Clotting factors

A

Special proteins in blood plasma that allow blood to clot by turning fibrinogen into insoluble threads of fibrin

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17
Q

Coagulation

A

Formation of a blood clot. Clotting factors turn fibrinogen (soluble) into insoluble threads of fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh sticking to damaged blood vessels and holding the clot in position.

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18
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Blood that contains little oxygen

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19
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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20
Q

Fibrin holds

A

Insoluble protein that forms blood clots by holding blood cells, platelets and plasma together in a mesh

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21
Q

Haemoglobin

A

Pigment in red blood cells, involved in transport of oxygen and some carbon dioxide through the body

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22
Q

Heart

A

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood

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23
Q

Inferior vena cava
deposits blood to the

A

Large vein carrying deoxygenated blood from lower body to the right atrium

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24
Q

Intercellular fluid

A

Fluid between cells also called tissue fluid

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25
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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26
Q

Metabolic wastes

A

Substances produced by cells that cannot be used and that would be harmful if allowed to accumulate. Lactic acid, carbon dioxide.

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27
Q

Oxygenated blood

A

Blood containing a lot of oxygen

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28
Q

Oxyhaemoglobin

A

Oxygen combined with hemoglobin

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29
Q

Papillary muscles

A

Muscles in the ventricles of the heart that anchor the valves to ventricular walls

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30
Q

Pericardium

A

Membrane that encloses the heart. Made of connective tissue

31
Q

Platelet

A

Cell fragments. Called thrombocytes, no nucleus

32
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Vein that transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium .

33
Q

Red blood cell

A

One of elements in the blood, contains hemoglobin. Called erythrocytes

34
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Valve that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricles. Left side is aortic and right side is pulmonary

35
Q

Septum

A

Divided tissue part between left and right side of the heart

36
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decrease in diametre of blood vessels, restricts the flow of blood

37
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increase in diametre of blood vessels, increases flow of blood

38
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

39
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom chambers of the heart

40
Q

Venule

A

A small vein

41
Q

White blood cell

A

Contains a nucleus but no haemoglobin

42
Q

ABO blood group system

A

method of classifying blood types according to the antigens on the surface of the red blood cells

43
Q

Agglutination

A

Clumping together of blood cells in response to the presence of antibodies that recognise antigens on the RBC as non-self. Happens when incorrect blood transfusion

44
Q

Alveoli

A

Air sacs in the lungs

45
Q

Antibody

A

substance produced in response to a specific antigen. Combines with antigen to neutralize or destroy it.

46
Q

Antigen

A

Any substance capable of causing the formation of antibodies when introduced.

47
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of antigens - antibodies are a type of immunoglobulins

48
Q

Lymph
comes from

A

Colourless fluid that circulates through the lymphatic vessels before returning to the blood. Comes from the collection of fluid that has escaped from the blood capilaries

49
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Large vessel that collects lymph from the lymph capillaries, join to eventually return lymph to the blood.

50
Q

Lymphatic system

A

System of vessels that drains excess fluid from the tissues

51
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid part of the blood which cells are suspended

52
Q

Rh blood group system

A

Method of classifying blood types according to their posession of the Rh antigen. Rh positive posesses Rh antigen. Cannot produce anti-Rh antibody. Rh negative, does not posess Rh antigen - will produce Rh antibody that will react against Rh antigens.

53
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Large vein taking blood from the top of the body to the right atrium

54
Q

Transfusion

A

The transfer of blood or of some components of blood, into the circulation of a person

55
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms that can cause infection

56
Q

Process of the formation of a blood clot in response to tear in blood vessel

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet plug
Coagulation
Clot retraction

57
Q

pericardium
- 2 functions

A

Double wall sac that surrounds and protects the heart. Maintains the position of the heart within the cavity and acts as lubrication which reduces friction during cardiac contractions

58
Q

Interventricular septum

A

Separates left and right ventricles so blood does not mix

59
Q

Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

A
  • 8% dissolved in plasma as CO2
  • 22% bonded to haemoglobin protein where it is transported in the blood as carbaminohaemoglobin
  • 70% transported as bicarbonate ions
60
Q

Oxygen is transported in the blood as

A
  • 97% oxyhaemoglobin
  • 3% dissolved in plasma
61
Q

Blood vessel in the heart that has highest blood pressure

62
Q

Blood vessel in the heart that carries oxygenated blood to heart

A

Pulmonary vein

63
Q

Blood vessel in the heart that joins ventricles of the heart to capillaries of lungs

A

pulmonary artery

64
Q

Blood vessel in the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

65
Q

Right side of the heart has xx blood

A

deoxygenated

66
Q

Left ride of heart has xx blood

A

Oxygenated

67
Q

Red blood cells are suited to their function of oxygen transport

A
  • Bi concave shape maximises SA/Vol ratio
  • No nucleus so has more capacity for haemoglobin molecules
  • Packed with haemoglobin molecules which combine with oxygen
68
Q

Nutrients transported in the blood

A

Are dissolved in blood plasma. Ions like potassium, sodium and calcium, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol

69
Q

Wastes transported in the blood

A

Are metabolic wastes that are produced by the cells that cannot be used and would be harmful if allowed to accumulate
- urea
- creatinine
- uric acid

70
Q

percentage plasma in blood

71
Q

percentage of white blood cells and platelets in blood

72
Q

percentage red blood cells in blood

73
Q

Smooth muscle in arteries

A

capable to change the size of the lumen. which changes the volume of blood.

74
Q

elastic tissue in arteries

A

can stretch/recoil in changes to the blood volume being pumped so can maintain a steady blood flow.

Human bio definitions (15 decks)

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