Chapter 14

Question 1

amniocentesis

Answer 1

technique where a small amount of the amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus is removed and examined for indications of possible defects in the fetus by looking at the karyotype that is obtained. later weeks of pregnancy. risks infection, miscarriage or damage to the baby so only performed on woman with higher risk of developing a child with birth defect

Question 2

Artificial insemination

Answer 2

semen is inserted into the uterus via a catheter through the vagina

Question 3

Chorionic villus sampling

Answer 3

fetal cells are removed from the chorion and examined for indications of possible defects in the fetus. Occurs much earlier in pregnancy, after the 9th week. small risk of miscarriage. cant detect spina bifida

Question 4

fibroids

Answer 4

non cancerous growth around the uterus

Question 5

fetoscope

Answer 5

small telescope instrument used to examine the fetus in gestation. check abnormalities like deformed or absent limbs, clef lip.

Question 6

GIFT

Answer 6

Gamete intrafallopian transfer. collected sperm and ova are mixed in a dish and are inserted into the fallopian tubes

Question 7

infertility

Answer 7

condition where a couple or individual is unable to fall pregnant despite frequent unprotected sex over the course of a year

Question 8

ICSI

Answer 8

intracytoplasmic sperm injection, for severe male infertility, ovum is injected with sperm

Question 9

IVF

Answer 9

in vitro fertilisation, embryo is formed outside the body, then is inserted into the uterus through a catheter

Question 10

traditional surrogacy

Answer 10

surrogate is the genetic mother and the gestational carrier

Question 11

gestational surrogacy

Answer 11

embryo is not genetically related to the surrogate

Question 12

karyotype

Answer 12

complete set of chromosomes in an individual - displayed in pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 13

spina bifida

Answer 13

spinal column doesnt completely close around the spinal cord

Question 14

fetal blood sampling

Answer 14

diagnose chromosomal abnormalities, check fetal oxygenation, identify infections. blood is taken from umbilical cord with help of ultrasound or from fetus with fetoscope

Question 15

ultrasound

Answer 15

high frequency sound waves to produce an image of the fetus. visual image of what is inside the uterus. monitors growth and development of the fetus

Question 16

changes to mother prior to labour

Answer 16

organs like bladder and intestines are pushed upwards to create more room for the baby, pelvic muscles strengthen, pelvic ligaments soften

Question 17

artificial insemination

Answer 17

sperm are released into uterus by a catheter. increases number of sperm that reach the uterine tubes.

Question 18

IVF

Answer 18

in vitro fertilisation - collected eggs and sperm are mixed in a dish outside the body.

Question 19

GIFT

Answer 19

insertion of sperm and ova mixture into fallopian tubes

Question 20

gestational surrogacy

Answer 20

embryo not genetically related to surrogate

Question 21

traditional surrogacy

Answer 21

surrogate is the genetic mother and gestational carrier

Question 22

FOR use of ART`

Answer 22

• people HIV can conceive
• people with infertility can conceive
• able to do testing on embryos if history of genetic issues