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Human bio definitions > Chapter 11 - Reproductive system > Flashcards

Chapter 11 - Reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

bulbo-urethral gland

A

Small yellow gland that secretes lubricating fluid into urethra

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2
Q

cervix

A

between uterus and the vagina

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3
Q

clitoris

A

erectile organ or the female

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4
Q

when the corpus luteum degenerates it forms

A

mass of scar tissue called the corpus albicans

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5
Q

corpus luteum

A

forms from the ruptures follicle when the egg is released form the ovary

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6
Q

epididymis

A

tubule behind each testis where the sperm mature

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7
Q

erectile tissue

A

spongey tissue in the penis that fills with blood to form an erection

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8
Q

endometrium

A

soft mucus membrane that lines the uterus

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9
Q

fimbriae

A

finger like projections of the fallopian tube, wafts the releases ova into the tube

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10
Q

polar body - purpose

A

haploid cell produced in oogenesis, contains nucleus and a little amount of cytoplasm to ensure that the mature ovum receives majority of the cytoplasm giving it the best chance of survival

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11
Q

follicle - when matures

A

fluid filled sac that contains an immature ova, as it matures it secretes hormones like estrogen that regulate the menstrual cycle

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12
Q

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone

A

Hormone that stimulates development of the follicle in the ovary

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13
Q

gametogenesis

A

formation and development of the gametes. oogenesis - ova. spermatogenesis - sperm

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14
Q

gonadotropins

A

hormones that affect the sex organs

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15
Q

hormone definition

A

chemical secreted by an endocrine gland that affects the functioning of a cell/organ

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16
Q

HCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin. produced by the placenta during pregnancy, maintains the corpus luteum until placenta is developed enough to secrete estrogen and progesterone

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17
Q

interstitual cells

A

located between the seminiferous tubules. they secrete testosterone.

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18
Q

labia - 2 types

A

minora - inner
majora - outer
folds of skin lining the opening to the vagina and urethra

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19
Q

lobule

A

compartment within the testis that contains seminiferous tubules

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20
Q

LH

A

luteinising hormone, promotes final maturation of the ovarian cycle and the formation of the corpus luteum

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21
Q

Menarche

A

first period, marks commencement of puberty

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22
Q

menopause

A

end of menstruation, period will cease

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23
Q

menstruation

A

periodic discharge of blood and tissue fluid due to the breakdown of the lining of the uterus

24
Q

menstrual cycle

A

regular series of changes that take place in the walls of the uterus of a non pregnant female

25
Q

Estrogen

A

Female sex hormone, developed/maintains female reproductive structures like the endometrium

26
Q

Oogenesis

A

formation and development of the ovum within the ovary

27
Q

ovarian cycle

A

regular series of events that take place within an ovary of a non pregnant female

28
Q

ovaries

A

female primary sex organs

29
Q

pituitary gland

A

pituitary gland located below the brain

30
Q

primary sex organs

A

organs that produce gametes. testes and ovaries

31
Q

progesterone

A

prepares uterine lining for a fertilised egg

32
Q

scrotum

A

pouch outside abdominal cavity which the testes are located

33
Q

secondary sex organs

A

organs that assist in the production and bringing gametes together for fertilisation (all the other organs in the female and male reproductive system that arent the gonads)

34
Q

gonads

A

primary sex organs, testes and ovaries

35
Q

secondary sexual characteristics

A

characteristics associated with an individuals sex, not involved in sexual reproduction

36
Q

seminal fluid

A

semen. liquid that nourishes and aids the transport of sperm.

37
Q

seminal vesicles

A

secretes fluid rich in glucose in the urethra, fuel source for the spermatozoa

38
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

tubules within the lobules of the testes, lined with spermatogonia. They are where sperm are produced

39
Q

spermatogenesis

A

formation and development of the spermatozoa

40
Q

spermatogonia

A

cells that produce male gametes

41
Q

spermatozoa

A

male gametes, called sperm

42
Q

Testes

A

Male gonads, produce sperm and the hormone testosterone

43
Q

testosterone

A

male sex hormone, secreted by the interstitial cells in the testes. development of male reproductive system and seconday characteristics and immature sperm into mature spermatozoa

44
Q

urethra

A

duct that carries urine from the bladder to exterior - in males it also carries semen

45
Q

fallopian tube

A

tube that carries ova from the ovary to the uterus

46
Q

uterus- what is it and role

A

hollow pear shaped organ in the female reproductive system that protects and nourishes the developing foetus during pregnancy

47
Q

vagina

A

canal that leads from the uterus to the exterior of the female body

48
Q

vas deferens

A

tube that carries the sperm away from the testis

49
Q

vulva

A

female external genitalia

50
Q

zygote

A

fertilised egg from which a new individual develops

51
Q

corpus albicans

A

scar tissue left in the ovary after the corpus luteum degenerates

52
Q

negative feedback

A

As one increases, the other decreases

53
Q

relate ovarian cycle to menstrual cycle

A

menstrual cycle prepared endometrium to receive and support a fertilised egg, which is released in ovulation in the ovarian cycle

54
Q

increased levels of estrogen and progesterone

A

thickening and vascalarisation of the endometrium

55
Q

decreased levels of estrogen and progesteron

A

breakdown of the endometrium, resulting in menstruation

56
Q

female secondary sexual characteristics

A

enlarging of the breasts, broadening of the hips, pubic hair

57
Q

male secondary sexual characteristics

A

public hair, facial fair, increase in the side of the larynx

Human bio definitions (15 decks)

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