Chapter 13 - reducing chance of pregnancy and STI's Flashcards
combined pill contains
estrogen and progesterone, has sugar pills when
the endometrium is shed
Abstinence
refraining from sexual intercourse
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome. disease caused by infection with HIV virus that damages the immune system so individual is susceptible to infection.
periodic abstinence
abstaining from sexual intercourse on days where fertilisation is most likely. advantage is requires no medication or devices with associated medical side effects. but has low effectiveness
rhythm method
sustaining from sexual intercourse 4 days before ovulation and 2 days after
temperature method
female takes body temp each morning to determine time of ovulation. ovulation temp there is a sharp drop and then a rise
diaphragm
barrier used by female, rubber cap across top of the vagina, used with spermicidal cream to increase effectiveness by killing sperm. doesnt protect against STIS
how hormonal contraception works for women
prevents ovulation by changing the hormone levels in the females body
combined pill works
releases estrogen and progesterone substitutes means LH and FSH levels are low, prevents development and release of mature eggs.
- cervical mucus becomes thick and sticky so sperm cant travel through the cervix to the uterus
- alters lining of the uterus so it is less receptive to the implantation of an embryo
combine pill is not taken
sugar pill, estrogen and progesterone substitute levels drop and no protection against development and release of an egg
mini pill works
no inactive pills, substitute for progesterone, makes cervical mucus thicker so sperm cant enter the uterus and lining of the uterus is changed, to be thinner and unsuitable for the implantation of a fertilised egg.
implanon
slowly releases progesteron.
- cervical mucus thicker so sperm cant enter the uterus
- lining of uterus is changed to make it thinner and unsuitable for the implantation of a fertilised egg.
hormonal based contraceptives A
high effectiveness, regulate menstrual cycle, reversible as once you stop taking hormonal contraception, fertility returns
hormonal based contraceptives D
side effects on many women like mood swings, weight change, no protection against STI’s, pills need to be taken consistently to maintain their effectiveness
IUD
intrauterine devices. high effectiveness, long lasting, no need for daily pill
No STI protection, risk expulsion from uterus, hormonal side effects of hormonal IUD
copper IUD
plastic T frame with copper wire around. Copper acts as a spermicide, prevents fertilisation, changes endometrium so if an eff was fertilised, wouldnt be able to attach
female sterilisation
tubal ligation
male sterilisation
vasectomy
types of progesterone hormone contraceptives
hormone IUD, mini pill, implanon, morning after pill
types of progesterone and estrogen hormone contraceptives
combined pill, nuva ring
chlamydia
chlamydia bacteria, vaginal or anal sex. most people show no symptoms and are unaware they are infected with chlamydia. Left untreated can lead to infertility as inflammation of uterine tubes can lead to blockage by scar tissue, or inflammation of epididymis.
treatment is urine test or swab of vagina or penis. if the chlamydia bacteria is detected then antibiotics are taken.
genital herpes
caused by herpes simplex virus - blisters and ulcers, once in system it can reinfect at any time. treatment to reduce the severity of the attack but cant remove the herpes virus from the body.
HIV
human immunodeficiencey virus. weakens immune system by infecting type of white blood cell, so infected person is susceptible to infection by other microorganisms. Not exchanging body fluids
AIDS
person develops AIDS when immune system is damaged to the degree where it is unable to resist other infections
syphilis
pox, small sores which heal and get worse in later stages of syphilis. If antibiotics are not taken then it can lead to blindness, paralysis and problems with heart and brain.
