Chapter 1 - investigating human biology

Question 1

Blind experiment

Answer 1

Subjects don’t know whether they are receiving the test treatment or the placebo

Question 2

Conclusion

Answer 2

Summary on how the data supports or disproves the hypothesis

Question 3

Control group

Answer 3

Group not affected by independent variable. Baseline for comparison against the experimental group. Ensures observed changes in the D.V are due to manipulation of the I.V instead of other factors like the placebo effect.

Question 4

Controlled variable

Answer 4

Factor kept the same for all tests in the experiment, minimise potential influence on the D.V

Question 5

Dependent variable

Answer 5

Factor that changes in response to independent variable. What you are measuring

Question 6

Double blind experiment

Answer 6

Neither the subjects or the experimenter knows who receives the treatment or the placebo

Question 7

Ensure a fair test - only thing that changes

Answer 7

Only thing that changes is the independent variable, all other variables are controlled to observe the effect of the I.V on the D.V

Question 8

Hypothesis

Answer 8

Possible explanation to account for observations. Definitive statement that includes DV and IV and a direction. Change in IV will have an affect on DV.

Question 9

Placebo and purpose

Answer 9

Treatment or substance that has no effect but is used as a control test, participants that recieve the placebo may experience the placebo affect. Used as a control group for comparison to the active treatment group.

Question 10

Placebo effect

Answer 10

Change in patients who are given placebo treatment

Question 11

Qualitive data

Answer 11

Observations that don’t involve numbers

Question 12

Quantitative data

Answer 12

Data expressed in numbers

Question 13

Reliability

Answer 13

Extent to which an experiment gives the same results, each time it is performed. Improve with repetition. Reliable experiment produces consistent results when repeated under similar conditions.

Question 14

Validity

Answer 14

Extent to which an experiment tests what it is supposed to. Increase validity by controlling variables.

Question 15

Independent variable

Answer 15

Factor being investigated. I.V is the factor deliberately changed to determine it’s effect.

Question 16

Dependent variable

Answer 16

Factor that changes in response to the changes made to the I.V. D.V is measured to see the impact of the I.V

Question 17

Increase validity

Answer 17

Controlling variables, have a control group, same procedure for each trial.

Question 18

Increase reliability

Answer 18

Repeating trials, larger sample size.

Question 19

limitations

Answer 19

Factors that affect the interpretation of a study’s findings. Only test 1 group of enzyme can only make conclusions about that one type.

Question 20

reliable data

Answer 20

consistent results that can be repeated and get similar results under similar conditions

Question 21

valid data - accurately

Answer 21

accurately represents what it is meant to

Question 22

Experiment results

Answer 22

Provides evidence that either supports or disproves hypothesis

Question 23

Control experiment vs controlled experiment

Answer 23

Control experiment - control group
Controlled experiment - valid test

Question 24

Why experiment lack validity

Answer 24

Variables aren’t controlled, measurement error, absence of control experiment

Question 25

Improve validity

Answer 25

Control variables, accurate tools used to measure, control experiment as well as the test group

Question 26

Improve reliability

Answer 26

Repeat experiment or combine results with other groups, test more I.V groups.

Question 27

Ethical issue - ethical standards

Answer 27

Arises when there is a violation of the ethical standards of the investigation
- voluntary participation
- informed consent
- minimisation of harm
- confidentiality

Question 28

Graph title

Answer 28

The effect of xx on xx.
Overall findings tested.