Chapter 7: Cognition Flashcards
What is mental imagery?
Representations that stand for objects or events and have picture-like quality
Give and example of mental imagery
Map of locations (mountains, rocks, villages, etc.)
What are concepts?
Ideas that represent a class or category of objects, events, and activities
What are superordinate concepts?
Most general form of a concept, members are minimally similar
Give an example of a superordinate concept
Furniture
What are basic concepts?
Highest class that can be represented by a single mental image
What are subordinate concepts?
Members are less distinct from one another
Give an example of a basic concept
Chair
Give an example of a subordinate concept
Rocking chair
What are formal concepts?
Defined by specific rules or features
Give an example of a formal concept
A square has 4 equal sides, and 4 90 degree angles
What are natural concepts?
Formed as a result of experience in the real world
Give an example of a natural concept
Is a platypus a bird or a fish? We would not know if we wouldn’t have been taught it
What is problem solving?
Thinking and behaving in certain ways to reach a goal
What is trial and error problem solving?
Trying one possible solution after another until a successful one is found
Give an example of trial and error problem solving
Trying to log in into a website account with different passwords
What is algorithm problem solving?
Step by step strategies that guarantee a solution, but may be time-consuming
Give an example of algorithm problem solving
Solving a derivative in calculus using chain rule
What is heuristic problem solving?
Saving time by skipping steps to solve a problem, may not lead to solution
Give an example of heuristic problem solving
Looking for your keys in a house by only looking in places your keys would accurately be in
What is means-end analysis?
Breaking down a large goal into smaller, more manageable goals
Give an example of means-end analysis
Essay due: research –> making outline –> writing intro paragraph –> essay
What is working backwards?
Starting with desired outcome and working backwards to current situation