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Psychology > Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

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1
Q

What is sensation?

A

When you recognize a stimulus

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2
Q

What is perception?

A

Messages drive, figure out overall meaning

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3
Q

What is agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize familiar objects despite clear vision

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4
Q

What is the just noticeable difference?

A

The smallest difference between 2 stimuli that is detectable 50% of the time

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5
Q

What is Weber’s law?

A

Just noticeable difference is fixed so once you detect it, you always know it

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6
Q

Give an example of Weber’s law

A

Cost is fixed when buying clothes, so you may not buy clothes if it’s a higher %

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7
Q

What is an absolute threshold?

A

Smallest detectable amount of stimulus

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8
Q

Give an example of absolute threshold

A

We can see 1 candle 30 miles away on a clear night

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9
Q

What is priming?

A

A word or concept that makes response think of a related concept

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10
Q

Give an example of priming

A

The word salt makes you think of the word pepper

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11
Q

What is habituation?

A

The brain stops paying attention to constant auditory stimuli

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12
Q

Given an example of habituation

A

We stop noticing the ac noise when we are in a room

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13
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

Sensory receptors become less responsive to unchanging stimuli

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14
Q

Give an example of sensory adaptation

A

The eyes adjusting to a dark room

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15
Q

What is brightness?

A

The amplitude of a wave

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16
Q

What is color?

A

The length of the wave (red is long)

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17
Q

What is saturation?

A

The purity of color (shades)

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18
Q

Function of cornea

A

Clear outer membrane of the eye, prevents damage

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19
Q

Function of pupil

A

Controls amount of light entering the eyes (pupil dilation)

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20
Q

Function of lens

A

Focuses light to the back of the eye

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21
Q

Function of retina

A

Contains photoreceptors which receives light

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22
Q

Function of rods

A

Active to low light conditions, unresponsive to color

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23
Q

Rods adjust to what

A

Darkness (Roddy Rich, dark)

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24
Q

Function of cones

A

Responsible for color vision and details (mint chocolate chip ice cream Cones are green)

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25
Q

Cones adjust to what

A

Light after being in the dark

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26
Q

What is colorblindness?

A

When individuals are missing one cone

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27
Q

What is the trichromatic theory?

A

White light that contains all wavelengths

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28
Q

What is subtractive color mixture?

A

Red, yellow, and blue make black (only paints)

29
Q

What is additive color mixture?

A

Occurs in the eye when wavelengths of light are mixed, red, blue, and green make white (only light)

30
Q

What is the opponent process theory?

A

Our cones are organized in pairs of red/green, blue/yellow

31
Q

What is an afterimage?

A

When receptors are maxed out, we see the opposite color

32
Q

Give example of an afterimage

A

Yellow and green American flag turns blue and red when image goes away

33
Q

What is a wavelength of sound?

A

Frequency that corresponds to pitch

34
Q

What is amplitude of sound?

A

The size of a sound wave (volume)

35
Q

What is purity of sound?

A

Quality of sound

36
Q

Function of outer ear

A

Pinna and auditory canal funnel sounds waves which vibrate eardrums

37
Q

Function of middle ear

A

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup amplify sound waves (volume)

38
Q

Function of inner ear

A

Oval window vibrates and causes chain reaction, hair cells receive the sound.

39
Q

What is the place theory?

A

Pitch is determined by place in which hair cells vibrate

40
Q

What are papillae?

A

Visual bumps on tongue.

41
Q

What are taste buds?

A

Trenches of papillae

42
Q

What are the 5 sensations?

A

Sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami (savory)

43
Q

Where does the olfaction sense go to?

A

It bypasses the thalamus and goes directly to the brain.

44
Q

What is the gate theory control?

A

Pain signals pass through gates in spinal cord determining the experience of pain

45
Q

What is kinesthesis?

A

Knowledge of position and motion of body parts

46
Q

Function of vestibular system

A

Controls sense of balance

47
Q

How does motion sickness occur?

A

When vision and vestibular sense clash.

48
Q

What is figure-ground?

A

Parts of stimulus appear to stand out

49
Q

What is proximity?

A

How close things are to one another

50
Q

What is similarity?

A

Things resemble one another in shape, color, etc.

51
Q

What is closure?

A

Completing figures that are incomplete

52
Q

What is continuity?

A

Perceive things as a unit if they form a pattern

53
Q

What is contiguity?

A

Two things that happen close together in space or time

54
Q

What are monocular cues?

A

Require one eye to see

55
Q

What is linear perspective?

A

Parallel lines in the distance

56
Q

What is relative size?

A

Closer things appear to be larger

57
Q

What is overlap?

A

Objects blocked from view are “behind”

58
Q

What is aerial perspective?

A

Objects in distance appear hazy due to particles in air

59
Q

What is texture gradient?

A

Textures become denser and less distinct as distance increases

60
Q

What is motion parallax?

A

Objects in distance move slowly

61
Q

What are binocular cues?

A

The use of both eyes

62
Q

What is convergence?

A

Both eyes merge to focus on one point

63
Q

What is disparity?

A

Each eye sees a slightly different image

64
Q

What is a Muller-Lyer illusion?

A

Lines look different lengths, but are the same length

65
Q

What is the moon illusion?

A

Background makes objects look smaller/bigger

66
Q

What is perceptual expectancy?

A

There are 2 ways to be right and 2 ways to be wrong.

67
Q

What is top-down processing?

A

A pre-existing knowledge that influences our perception (general to specific)

68
Q

Give an example of top-down processing

A

First interpretation are animals, so last image should be an animal

Psychology (12 decks)

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