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Psychology > Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is Phineas Gage?

A

His brain was severely damaged in a accident, he could still walk, talk, and have emotions.

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2
Q

What is the soma of a neuron?

A

The cell body which contains the nucleus.

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3
Q

What does the nucleus of the neuron control?

A

Metabolic function

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4
Q

What do dendrites of the neuron do?

A

Receive information from other neurons

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5
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Information travels down the axon from dendrites

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6
Q

What is myelin and what does it do?

A

A fatty substance that protects/speeds up electrical impulses

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7
Q

What are axon terminals?

A

Branches at the end of the axon

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8
Q

What is the synaptic knob?

A

The rounded area on end of axon terminals

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9
Q

What are synaptic vesicles?

A

Saclike structures that hold neurotransmitters in synaptic knobs.

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10
Q

What is the synapse?

A

The space between the knob of one neuron and dendrites of another, neurotransmitters go across the synapse.

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11
Q

What is action potential?

A

Electrical signal sent down axon, a neuron firing

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12
Q

What is the threshold on excitation?

A

Degree of stimulation which must be reached for the neuron to fire

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13
Q

What is the all or none principle?

A

Threshold is reached and neurons fire at full strength

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14
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

Chemical released from vesicles when action potential arrives, triggering affect of next neuron

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15
Q

What do neurotransmitters travel across?

A

The synapse

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16
Q

How do neurotransmitters work?

A

The molecules bind with receptors on dendrites and cause electrical change

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17
Q

What is reuptake?

A

NT’s are absorbed back into vesicles

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18
Q

What is an example of reuptake?

A

SSRI stops reuptake of serotonin so it cures depression and/or makes the person happy

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19
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

Information from senses to spinal cords

20
Q

What is a interneuron?

A

Transmits info between neurons (middle man)

21
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

Transmits info to muscles (motor, movement, big muscles!)

22
Q

What is the sympathetic system?

A

Activates body into fight or flight

23
Q

What is the parasympathetic system?

A

Calms body down by allowing it to eat, drink, and rest

24
Q

What is an MRI?

A

Magnetic field imaging, use of H+ atoms

25
Q

What is a PET scan?

A

Radioactive glucose (pets have glucose)

26
Q

Function of medulla

A

Involuntary functions like breathing

27
Q

Function of pons

A

Controls sleep

28
Q

Function of cerebellum

A

Balance (ballerina)

29
Q

Function of basal ganglia (bg)

A

Slow movements like walking (Baby Girl learns to walk)

30
Q

Function of thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to brain centers (touch, the HUB)

31
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Basic biological functions, being hungry, thirsty, full

32
Q

Function of amygdala

A

Emotions (Amy is emotional)

33
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Controls personality, problem solving

34
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Auditory, hearing (think temples by ears)

35
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Somatosensory (pain, cold/warm)

36
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Visual, the ability to see

37
Q

What is the left hemisphere in control of?

A

Language

38
Q

What is Broca’s area?

A

Severe impairment to speech

39
Q

What is Wernicke’s area?

A

Inability to produce speech (Getting milk out of fridge)

40
Q

What is the right hemisphere in control of?

A

Spatial patterns, relationships, seeing faces

41
Q

How would we describe something as a split brain patient?

A

We describe right side figure always

42
Q

Function of pituitary gland

A

The master gland, growth hormones

43
Q

Function of pineal gland

A

Sleep, melatonin

44
Q

Function of thyroid gland

A

Regulates metabolism and growth (dad’s surgery)

45
Q

Function of adrenal gland

A

Regulates fight or flight/sympathetic system (adrenaline rush)

Psychology (12 decks)

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