Chapter 1: Science of Psychology Flashcards
Is the field of psychology an older science?
No, it Is a newer field.
Who is the father of psychology and when?
William Wundt in 1879.
What did William Wundt come up with?
Structuralism (structure/basic elements of mind)
Structuralism example
Chocolate bar smells sweet, has lines, can be broken up, is smooth
What did William James come up with?
Functionalism (how mind thinks, works)
Gestalt principle
View whole figure instead of parts
Gestalt example
You hear the melody of the song, not each note
What did Freud come up with?
Psychoanalysis (unconscious part of our brain causes conflicts)
What did Pavlov and Watson come up with?
Behaviorism (behavior is learned/observed)
What was the Little Albert experiment?
An infant was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat (learned)
What is the psychodynamic perspective?
Based on psychoanalysis, less sexual, unconscious
What is the behavioral perspective?
Operant conditioning, reinforcement of an action
Give an example of the behavioral perspective
A child cries, a mother gives approval, so the child cries in the future because she rewarded him with approval
What is the humanistic perspective (third force)?
Free will and self actualization, “all people are good”
What is the cognitive perspective?
How people think and/or problem solve
What is the sociocultural perspective?
Impact of social interactions, culture, or society
What is an example of the sociocultural perspective?
Two twins, one raised in the US and the other in Africa would behave completely different.
What is the biopsychological perspective?
Biological bases of behavior/mental processes
Give an example of the biopsychological perspective?
Dementia/Alzheimers is due to genetics
What is the evolutionary perspective?
Biological bases for characteristics shared by all humans, evolution