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Psychology > Chapter 4: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consciousness?

A

Awareness of everything around you and inside your mind

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2
Q

What is a waking state?

A

Alert state, thoughts are organized

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3
Q

What is an altered state?

A

A shift in quality/pattern of mental activity

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4
Q

Give an example of an altered state

A

Day dreaming or sleep

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5
Q

What is selective attention?

A

It allows us to focus on one stimulus and block out others

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6
Q

Give an example of selective attention

A

Focused on taking notes, not focused on our clothes on our skin

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7
Q

What is the cocktail party phenomenon?

A

Conversations are going on around you, you only pay attention to one

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8
Q

Give an example of the cocktail party phenomenon

A

You are talking in the lunch room with friends and then you hear your name in another conversation so you focus on that conversation

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9
Q

What is divided attention?

A

Multiple tasks can be performed at once

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10
Q

Give an example of divided attention

A

When you first drive, you are very attentive, when you have driven for awhile, you know where you are going and paying less attention

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11
Q

What are circadian rhythms?

A

The cycle of bodily activity that occurs over 24 hours

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12
Q

What are circadian rhythms controlled by?

A

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus

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13
Q

What happens to the sleep-wake cycle when the SCN is deprived?

A

It lengthens to 25 hours

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14
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for one night?

A

Concentration and simple tasks are difficult, focusing becomes hard

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15
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for three nights?

A

Micro-sleeping occurs (zoning out into sleep period)

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16
Q

What happens when sleep deprivation occurs for four nights?

A

Paranoia and hallucinations

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17
Q

What is the adaptive theory?

A

Sleep has survival value because you store energy during sleep

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18
Q

What is the restorative theory?

A

Sleep allows us to repair

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19
Q

What form of technology identifies REM and nREM sleep?

A

EEG

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20
Q

What happens in stage 1 of sleep?

A

Very light sleep, hypnic jerks

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21
Q

What waves occur in stage 1 sleep?

A

Beta, alpha, theta.

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22
Q

What happens in stage 2 sleep?

A

Sleep is deeper, spindles appear

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23
Q

What happens in stage 3 sleep?

A

Deep sleep, spindles disappear, delta waves appear

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24
Q

What happens in stage 4 sleep?

A

Continuous delta waves, growth hormone is produced

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25
Q

What is somnambulism?

A

Sleepwalking

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26
Q

What is somniloquy?

A

Sleep talking

27
Q

What are night terrors?

A

Panic and sudden activity

28
Q

What is REM sleep and what occurs during it?

A

Rapid Eye Movement, most dreaming occurs, paralyzed to bed due to signals from motor cortex being blocked

29
Q

What is REM rebound?

A

When you are deprived of REM, you spend extra time in REM the next night

30
Q

What stage of sleep occurs before REM sleep?

A

Stage 2

31
Q

What did Freud believe about dreams?

A

He thought dreams were symbolic of unconscious desires

32
Q

What is manifest content?

A

Actual events that occur in dreams

33
Q

What is latent content?

A

Unconscious thoughts that create dreams

34
Q

What is activation synthesis?

A

Brain making sense out of randomness

35
Q

What is the cognitive theory?

A

Involuntary problem solving and role in learning

36
Q

What is activation information mode(AIM)?

A

Recent learning experiences influence interpretation of randomness

37
Q

What are nightmares?

A

Bad dreams

38
Q

What is REM behavior disorder?

A

Rare disorder in which motor cortex messages are not blocked out, nightmares are acted out

39
Q

What is insomnia?

A

The inability to get sleep, stay asleep, get good quality of sleep

40
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

Breathing stops while asleep, snoring is indicator

41
Q

What is a common treatment for sleep apnea?

A

CPAP machine because it keeps the airway open

42
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Sudden, uncontrollable REM sleep during the day

43
Q

What is hypnosis?

A

State of relaxation and openness to suggestion

44
Q

What is coercion?

A

Subjects in hypnosis are in control and won’t commit acts against will

45
Q

What is the neodissociative theory?

A

One part of consciousness separates from another

46
Q

What is the hypnotist responder?

A

They accept suggestions

47
Q

What is the hidden observer?

A

They monitor, but don’t interfere

48
Q

What is the social cognitive theory?

A

People play a role without altering their state of consciousness

49
Q

What are psychoactive drugs?

A

Drugs that alter thinking, perception, or memory

50
Q

What is physical dependence on drug?

A

Body craves the drug

51
Q

What is drug tolerance?

A

After repeated use, increased dosage is needed

52
Q

What is drug withdrawal?

A

Body’s reaction to absence of drug

53
Q

What is psychological dependence?

A

Mind depends on drug for well-being

54
Q

What are stimulants?

A

Drug increases activity of nervous system

55
Q

Give examples of stimulants

A

Amphetamines, caffeine, nicotine, cocaine

56
Q

What are depressants?

A

Drug decreases activity of nervous system

57
Q

Give examples of depressants

A

Barbiturates, alcohol, benzodiazepines (xanax, valium)

58
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Suppress pain by binding to receptor sites for endorphins

59
Q

Give examples of narcotics

A

Opium, morphine, heroin

60
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

Drug that induces distorted perception and hacllucinations

61
Q

Give examples of hallucinogens

A

Manufactured highs (LSD, PCP, ecstasy), non manufactured (mescaline, psilocynin), marijuana

62
Q

What does treatment look like for psychoactive drugs?

A

Support from family, steady employment, and length of treatment

63
Q

Why does treatment fail for psychoactive drugs?

A

8/10 addicts relapse after rehab

Psychology (12 decks)

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