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Psychology > Chapter 12: Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

gWhat is social psychology?

A

Scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and
behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied
presence of other people.

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2
Q

What is conformity?

A

Changing of one’s own behavior to match that of other people

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3
Q

What is Solomon Asch’s study?

A

Asking people to judge line lengths. but there is only one real participant and several “confederates” who purposefully give the wrong answers

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4
Q

What 3 things increase conformity?

A

People have strong interpersonal bonds with group members, people are of average social status, and people are members of collective cultures

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4
Q

What 3 things increase conformity?

A

People have strong interpersonal bonds with group members, people are of average social status, and people are members of collective cultures

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5
Q

What is group polarization?

A

Reinforcement received from group members strengths attitudes

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6
Q

Give an example of group polarization

A

Joining a small group

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7
Q

What is the risky shift phenomenon?

A

More extreme view or riskier decision is adopted than would otherwise be adopted

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8
Q

What is groupthink?

A

Pressure to maintain group cohesiveness overwhelms individual opinion and realistic assessment of facts

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9
Q

What is compliance?

A

Changing one’s own behavior as result of other people directing or asking for the change

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10
Q

What is the justification technique?

A

Reason to comply

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11
Q

What is the reciprocity technique?

A

Helping those who help you

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12
Q

Give an example of reciprocity?

A

Helping Luke after he sent me notes

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13
Q

What is the foot in the door technique?

A

Starting with a small request then following up with a large one, think “foot in the door”

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14
Q

Give an example of foot in the door technique

A

Asking a friend to borrow a small amount of money, then asking them to borrow a large amount of money

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15
Q

What is the door in the face technique?

A

Starting with a large request and then following up with a small one

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16
Q

Give an example of door in the face technique

A

Asking a friend to borrow a large amount of money and they say no, so you ask to borrow a smaller amount of money and they say yes

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17
Q

What is the that’s not all technique?

A

Making an offer and then improving it before the target has a chance to respond

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18
Q

Give an example of the that’s not all technique

A

Selling a product for $9.99 and throwing in a free product with it

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19
Q

What is the hard to get technique?

A

Convincing the target to that your product is rare or limited

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20
Q

Give an example of the hard to get technique

A

Flirting with other people than the intended mate

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21
Q

What is obedience?

A

Changing one’s behavior at the command of an authority figure

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22
Q

What is Milgram’s study?

A

Tests obedience of subjects by authority telling them to administer shocks to people

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23
Q

When is obedience reduced?

A

Teacher can see learner, teacher has to hold learner’s hand to the shock plate, and the experimenter leaves

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24
Q

What is social facilitation?

A

Enhanced performance due to the presence of others, familiar well-learned response

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25
Q

What is social interference?

A

Impaired performance due to the presence of others, difficult or poorly learned response

26
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Individual effort decreases as the number of others who are involved decreases

27
Q

Give an example of social loafing

A

One person in a group does majority of work

28
Q

What are the ABC’s of attitude?

A

Affective component, Behavior component, Cognitive component

29
Q

What are ABC’s of attitudes shaped by?

A

Direct contact, direct instruction, interaction with others, and observational learning.

30
Q

What is central processing?

A

Messages that center directly on characteristics of a product or person

31
Q

What is peripheral processing?

A

Messages that emphasize unrelated circumstances surrounding the targeted product or person

32
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

When our thoughts are inconsistent with our behaviors, we have a need to reduce their incompatibility

33
Q

What are the 3 factors of cognitive dissonance?

A

1.) Change conflicting behavior to match cognition
2.) Change conflicting cognition to justify behavior
3.) Trivialization

34
Q

What is attribution?

A

Explaining one’s own behavior and the behavior of others

35
Q

What is internal attribution?

A

Assumption that behavior is caused by one’s character

36
Q

What is external attribution?

A

Assumption that behavior is caused by one’s circumstance

37
Q

What is fundamental attribution error?

A

We attribute behavior to internal traits because we underestimate situational variables

38
Q

What is social desirability bias?

A

Tendency to give greater weight to socially undesirable behavior in judging people

39
Q

What is common and uncommon effects?

A

The more uncommon a behavior is, the more likely we are to make an internal attribution to explain it

40
Q

What is personalism?

A

We make internal attributions for actions that directly affect us and external attributions for actions that don’t affect us directly

41
Q

What is actor-observer bias?

A

We attribute behavior of others to internal traits, but our own behavior to situational variables

42
Q

Give an example of social desirability bias

A

You go on a first date and everything is going good, then he kisses you and his breath smells bad so you are uninterested

43
Q

Give an example of personalism

A

Roommate gets a speeding ticket, you blow it off, you get a speeding ticket, you are upset

44
Q

What is self-handicapping?

A

People sometimes sabotage their own performance so that, in case of failure, they can make an external attribution

45
Q

Give an example of self-handicapping

A

You do not get enough sleep before an exam, so you blame doing bad on the exam on not getting enough sleep

46
Q

What is prejudice?

A

Negative attitude held by a person about members of a specific social group

47
Q

Give an example of prejudice

A

Negative attitude about a different race than you

48
Q

What is discrimination?

A

Treating people differently because of prejudice

49
Q

What is arousal?

A

Physical alertness and heightened awareness

50
Q

What is familiarity?

A

Repeated exposure increases liking

51
Q

What is physical attractiveness?

A

We attribute positive personality traits to physically attractive people

52
Q

What is proximity?

A

Increases likelihood of acquaintance

53
Q

What is similarity?

A

We are drawn to people who share our attitudes and temperament

54
Q

What is intimacy?

A

Closeness of emotional bond

55
Q

What is passion?

A

Romantic and physical attraction

56
Q

What is commitment?

A

Decision and willingness to maintain a long-term relationship

57
Q

What is aggression?

A

Behavior intended to hurt or destroy another person

58
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

Assuming a social rule that leads to loss of individual identity

59
Q

What is social learning?

A

Violence often rewarded in media

60
Q

What is desensitization?

A

Increased exposure decreases impact

61
Q

What is the bystander effect?

A

Chances of helping affected by number of bystanders

62
Q

Give an example of diffusion of responsibility

A

No one calls 911 when they witness an emergency because they assume someone else did

63
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility?

A

Feeling that other bystanders will take responsibility in an emergency

Psychology (12 decks)

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