Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Question 1

gWhat is social psychology?

Answer 1

Scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and
behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied
presence of other people.

Question 2

What is conformity?

Answer 2

Changing of one’s own behavior to match that of other people

Question 3

What is Solomon Asch’s study?

Answer 3

Asking people to judge line lengths. but there is only one real participant and several “confederates” who purposefully give the wrong answers

Question 4

What 3 things increase conformity?

Answer 4

People have strong interpersonal bonds with group members, people are of average social status, and people are members of collective cultures

Question 4

What 3 things increase conformity?

Answer 4

People have strong interpersonal bonds with group members, people are of average social status, and people are members of collective cultures

Question 5

What is group polarization?

Answer 5

Reinforcement received from group members strengths attitudes

Question 6

Give an example of group polarization

Answer 6

Joining a small group

Question 7

What is the risky shift phenomenon?

Answer 7

More extreme view or riskier decision is adopted than would otherwise be adopted

Question 8

What is groupthink?

Answer 8

Pressure to maintain group cohesiveness overwhelms individual opinion and realistic assessment of facts

Question 9

What is compliance?

Answer 9

Changing one’s own behavior as result of other people directing or asking for the change

Question 10

What is the justification technique?

Answer 10

Reason to comply

Question 11

What is the reciprocity technique?

Answer 11

Helping those who help you

Question 12

Give an example of reciprocity?

Answer 12

Helping Luke after he sent me notes

Question 13

What is the foot in the door technique?

Answer 13

Starting with a small request then following up with a large one, think “foot in the door”

Question 14

Give an example of foot in the door technique

Answer 14

Asking a friend to borrow a small amount of money, then asking them to borrow a large amount of money

Question 15

What is the door in the face technique?

Answer 15

Starting with a large request and then following up with a small one

Question 16

Give an example of door in the face technique

Answer 16

Asking a friend to borrow a large amount of money and they say no, so you ask to borrow a smaller amount of money and they say yes

Question 17

What is the that’s not all technique?

Answer 17

Making an offer and then improving it before the target has a chance to respond

Question 18

Give an example of the that’s not all technique

Answer 18

Selling a product for $9.99 and throwing in a free product with it

Question 19

What is the hard to get technique?

Answer 19

Convincing the target to that your product is rare or limited

Question 20

Give an example of the hard to get technique

Answer 20

Flirting with other people than the intended mate

Question 21

What is obedience?

Answer 21

Changing one’s behavior at the command of an authority figure

Question 22

What is Milgram’s study?

Answer 22

Tests obedience of subjects by authority telling them to administer shocks to people

Question 23

When is obedience reduced?

Answer 23

Teacher can see learner, teacher has to hold learner’s hand to the shock plate, and the experimenter leaves

Question 24

What is social facilitation?

Answer 24

Enhanced performance due to the presence of others, familiar well-learned response

Question 25

What is social interference?

Answer 25

Impaired performance due to the presence of others, difficult or poorly learned response

Question 26

What is social loafing?

Answer 26

Individual effort decreases as the number of others who are involved decreases

Question 27

Give an example of social loafing

Answer 27

One person in a group does majority of work

Question 28

What are the ABC’s of attitude?

Answer 28

Affective component, Behavior component, Cognitive component

Question 29

What are ABC’s of attitudes shaped by?

Answer 29

Direct contact, direct instruction, interaction with others, and observational learning.

Question 30

What is central processing?

Answer 30

Messages that center directly on characteristics of a product or person

Question 31

What is peripheral processing?

Answer 31

Messages that emphasize unrelated circumstances surrounding the targeted product or person

Question 32

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 32

When our thoughts are inconsistent with our behaviors, we have a need to reduce their incompatibility

Question 33

What are the 3 factors of cognitive dissonance?

Answer 33

1.) Change conflicting behavior to match cognition 2.) Change conflicting cognition to justify behavior 3.) Trivialization

Question 34

What is attribution?

Answer 34

Explaining one’s own behavior and the behavior of others

Question 35

What is internal attribution?

Answer 35

Assumption that behavior is caused by one’s character

Question 36

What is external attribution?

Answer 36

Assumption that behavior is caused by one’s circumstance

Question 37

What is fundamental attribution error?

Answer 37

We attribute behavior to internal traits because we underestimate situational variables

Question 38

What is social desirability bias?

Answer 38

Tendency to give greater weight to socially undesirable behavior in judging people

Question 39

What is common and uncommon effects?

Answer 39

The more uncommon a behavior is, the more likely we are to make an internal attribution to explain it

Question 40

What is personalism?

Answer 40

We make internal attributions for actions that directly affect us and external attributions for actions that don’t affect us directly

Question 41

What is actor-observer bias?

Answer 41

We attribute behavior of others to internal traits, but our own behavior to situational variables

Question 42

Give an example of social desirability bias

Answer 42

You go on a first date and everything is going good, then he kisses you and his breath smells bad so you are uninterested

Question 43

Give an example of personalism

Answer 43

Roommate gets a speeding ticket, you blow it off, you get a speeding ticket, you are upset

Question 44

What is self-handicapping?

Answer 44

People sometimes sabotage their own performance so that, in case of failure, they can make an external attribution

Question 45

Give an example of self-handicapping

Answer 45

You do not get enough sleep before an exam, so you blame doing bad on the exam on not getting enough sleep

Question 46

What is prejudice?

Answer 46

Negative attitude held by a person about members of a specific social group

Question 47

Give an example of prejudice

Answer 47

Negative attitude about a different race than you

Question 48

What is discrimination?

Answer 48

Treating people differently because of prejudice

Question 49

What is arousal?

Answer 49

Physical alertness and heightened awareness

Question 50

What is familiarity?

Answer 50

Repeated exposure increases liking

Question 51

What is physical attractiveness?

Answer 51

We attribute positive personality traits to physically attractive people

Question 52

What is proximity?

Answer 52

Increases likelihood of acquaintance

Question 53

What is similarity?

Answer 53

We are drawn to people who share our attitudes and temperament

Question 54

What is intimacy?

Answer 54

Closeness of emotional bond

Question 55

What is passion?

Answer 55

Romantic and physical attraction

Question 56

What is commitment?

Answer 56

Decision and willingness to maintain a long-term relationship

Question 57

What is aggression?

Answer 57

Behavior intended to hurt or destroy another person

Question 58

What is deindividuation?

Answer 58

Assuming a social rule that leads to loss of individual identity

Question 59

What is social learning?

Answer 59

Violence often rewarded in media

Question 60

What is desensitization?

Answer 60

Increased exposure decreases impact

Question 61

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 61

Chances of helping affected by number of bystanders

Question 62

Give an example of diffusion of responsibility

Answer 62

No one calls 911 when they witness an emergency because they assume someone else did

Question 63

What is diffusion of responsibility?

Answer 63

Feeling that other bystanders will take responsibility in an emergency