Chapter 14 & 15: Psychological Disorders and Biomedical Therapy Flashcards
What are the 4 criteria of abnormal behavior?
Statistically unusual, nonadaptive, social judgment, and perceptual distortion
What is the demonological explanation of abnormal behavior?
In Middle Ages, people believed abnormal behavior was caused by spirits and demonic possession.
What is the clinical explanation of abnormal behavior?
Tends to follow different perspectives of psychology (humanistic, biological, cognitive, behavioral, etc.)
What is the DSM-V?
Standard system that helps clinicians recognize and identify mental disorders
What is phobia (anxiety disorder)?
Unreasonable, excessive, or irrational fear that causes great distress in life
Give an example of a phobia.
Agoraphobia: “Fear of marketplace,” intense fear when isolated in open space/crowd
What is panic disorder?
Patients suffer from panic attacks, they are intense, short-lived, reoccurring episodes, or overwhelming anxiety/terror
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
Marked by constant anxiety that has no identifiable cause, lasts 6 months or more
What is acute stress disorder?
Brief period (less than 4 months) of mental illness that arises in response to traumatic event
What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?
Powerful and debilitating recollections of a stressful event while awake/asleep
What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Obsessions are persistent, uncontrollable thoughts and compulsions are actions that a person feels the need to perform repeatedly (can lead to depression)
When is anxiety abnormal?
Anxiety that is extreme or excessive that interferes with normal functioning
What are anti anxiety drugs?
Drugs used to treat feeling of tension and anxiety, increase sense of well-being
Give some examples of modern anti anxiety drugs.
Xanax and Valium
What are somatoform disorders?
Disorders in which a person experiences physical symptoms for psychological reasons
What is conversion?
Sensory or motor impairment such as paralysis or blindness
What is somatization disorder?
Repeated, varying symptoms such as nausea and fatigue, often many years duration
What is hypochondriasis?
Excessive attention to state of health, preoccupation with the minor aches and pains of living
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
Preoccupation with a defect in physical appearance
What is dissociative amnesia?
Total or partial loss of information about the self, usually triggered by traumatic experience
What is dissociative fugue?
Traveling away from home with no memory for the trip and possible amnesia for personal info
What is depersonalization disorder?
Feelings of disconnection or detachment from your body/surroundings
What is dissociative identity disorder?
AKA multiple personality disorder, 2 or more distinct personalities in 1 body
What is major depressive disorder?
Overwhelming feelings of sadness, despair, and hopelessness. Loss of interest in pleasure activities
What are causes of major depressive disorder?
Exogenous (external events) and Endogenous (internal events)
Major depressive disorder is more common in _________.
Women
What are antidepressants?
Drugs that relieve symptoms of depression and increase concentration of serotonin
Give examples of antidepressants?
SSRI’s (Prozac, Zoloft) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Nardil)
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Effective treatment used for depression and mania that is unresponsive to drugs, works by altering neurotransmitter balance
What is psychosurgery?
Severing connections between prefrontal lobes rear areas of the brain, made patients manageable but changed their character
What is the modern form of psychosurgery?
Cingulotomies and other microsurgeries, they are helpful for OCD, anxiety disorder, and depression
What is bipolar disorder?
Alternating periods of depression and mania, sufferers make poor decisions while manic and withdrawal when they are depressed
What is mania?
It involved delusional levels of optimism, euphoria, and energy
True or false: Bipolar disorder is equally as common in men and women
True
What is Lithium used for?
The drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder that evens out mood swings, overdose can be lethal
What is schizophrenia?
Severe mental disorder in which a person’s thoughts and behaviors are so distorted that he/she can no longer deal with reality
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Abnormal behavior exhibited by schizophrenics
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Normal behavior that are absent in schizophrenics
Give examples of positive symptoms.
Hallucinations (mostly auditory), delusions, inappropriate emotional responses, etc.
Give examples of negative symptoms.
Social withdrawal, poor hygiene, flat affect (having no emotional response)
What are the causes of schizophrenia?
Brain abnormalities, excessive dopamine activity, stress, and genetics
What are antipsychotic drugs?
They alleviate many symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses, they block activity of dopamine
What are limitations to biological therapy?
Patient are over-reliant on drugs, drugs may have negative effects, many drugs only provide symptomatic relief, etc.
What are impulse control disorders?
Inability to resist an urge to perform a particular behavior
What is intermittent explosive disorder?
Outbursts of emotion
What is kleptomania?
Compulsive stealing
What is pyromania?
Setting fires
What is trichotillomania?
Pulling out one’s own hair
What are personality disorders?
Consistent, long-term, extreme personality characteristics that are problematic
What is paranoid?
When you are highly suspicious of others
What is narcissistic?
When one has an inflated view of self, manipulative
What is histrionic?
Dramatic exaggeration and mannerisms used to bring attention to one’s self
What is avoidant?
When you shun social interaction
What is dependent?
When one lacks self-confidence and cannot take responsibility for themselves
What is obsessive-compulsive?
Excessive concern with details and rules
What is borderline?
Mood swings, irritability, unstable relationships
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Marked by lack of empathy, chronic under arousal, willingness to lie, cheat, steal, and break the law
What is conduct disorder?
Habitual antisocial behavior despite discipline
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Difficulty focusing attention for any length of time and is easily distracted
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction
What is anorexia nervosa?
Reducing eating to the point that weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight or more occurs
What is bulimia?
A cycle of “binging” or overeating and “purging” or deliberately vomiting, using laxatives, etc.
What is gender dysphoria?
Problems accepting one’s identity as male or female, person may seek surgery
What is paraphilia?
Unusual or inappropriate sexual attractions
What is fetishism?
Sexual attraction to inanimate objects
What is voyeurism?
Sexual attraction to watching un-consenting people nude or engaged in sexual activity
What is exhibitionism?
Sexual attraction to exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers
What is pedophilia?
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
What is masochism?
Sexual attraction to being bound, beaten, or made to suffer
What is sadism?
Sexual attraction to hurting others
What are common sexual dysfunctions?
Absence of sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and becoming aroused at inappropriate times
What age groups are suicide most common in?
Adolescents and older adults
What are legal issues regarding criminal law?
Lacking the capacity to recognize the wrongness of their conduct or to act in conformity with the requirement of the law
It is ________ to escape punishment by reason of mental state
Difficult
What are legal issues regarding civil law?
Mentally ill people have the legal right to treatment, but they also have the right to refuse treatment unless their behavior is dangerous to themselves or others
