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Psychology > Chapter 14 & 15: Psychological Disorders and Biomedical Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 14 & 15: Psychological Disorders and Biomedical Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 criteria of abnormal behavior?

A

Statistically unusual, nonadaptive, social judgment, and perceptual distortion

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2
Q

What is the demonological explanation of abnormal behavior?

A

In Middle Ages, people believed abnormal behavior was caused by spirits and demonic possession.

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3
Q

What is the clinical explanation of abnormal behavior?

A

Tends to follow different perspectives of psychology (humanistic, biological, cognitive, behavioral, etc.)

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4
Q

What is the DSM-V?

A

Standard system that helps clinicians recognize and identify mental disorders

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5
Q

What is phobia (anxiety disorder)?

A

Unreasonable, excessive, or irrational fear that causes great distress in life

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6
Q

Give an example of a phobia.

A

Agoraphobia: “Fear of marketplace,” intense fear when isolated in open space/crowd

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7
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Patients suffer from panic attacks, they are intense, short-lived, reoccurring episodes, or overwhelming anxiety/terror

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8
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Marked by constant anxiety that has no identifiable cause, lasts 6 months or more

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9
Q

What is acute stress disorder?

A

Brief period (less than 4 months) of mental illness that arises in response to traumatic event

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10
Q

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A

Powerful and debilitating recollections of a stressful event while awake/asleep

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11
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A

Obsessions are persistent, uncontrollable thoughts and compulsions are actions that a person feels the need to perform repeatedly (can lead to depression)

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12
Q

When is anxiety abnormal?

A

Anxiety that is extreme or excessive that interferes with normal functioning

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13
Q

What are anti anxiety drugs?

A

Drugs used to treat feeling of tension and anxiety, increase sense of well-being

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14
Q

Give some examples of modern anti anxiety drugs.

A

Xanax and Valium

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15
Q

What are somatoform disorders?

A

Disorders in which a person experiences physical symptoms for psychological reasons

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16
Q

What is conversion?

A

Sensory or motor impairment such as paralysis or blindness

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17
Q

What is somatization disorder?

A

Repeated, varying symptoms such as nausea and fatigue, often many years duration

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18
Q

What is hypochondriasis?

A

Excessive attention to state of health, preoccupation with the minor aches and pains of living

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19
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Preoccupation with a defect in physical appearance

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20
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Total or partial loss of information about the self, usually triggered by traumatic experience

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21
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Traveling away from home with no memory for the trip and possible amnesia for personal info

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22
Q

What is depersonalization disorder?

A

Feelings of disconnection or detachment from your body/surroundings

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23
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A

AKA multiple personality disorder, 2 or more distinct personalities in 1 body

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24
Q

What is major depressive disorder?

A

Overwhelming feelings of sadness, despair, and hopelessness. Loss of interest in pleasure activities

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25
What are causes of major depressive disorder?
Exogenous (external events) and Endogenous (internal events)
26
Major depressive disorder is more common in _________.
Women
27
What are antidepressants?
Drugs that relieve symptoms of depression and increase concentration of serotonin
28
Give examples of antidepressants?
SSRI's (Prozac, Zoloft) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Nardil)
29
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Effective treatment used for depression and mania that is unresponsive to drugs, works by altering neurotransmitter balance
30
What is psychosurgery?
Severing connections between prefrontal lobes rear areas of the brain, made patients manageable but changed their character
31
What is the modern form of psychosurgery?
Cingulotomies and other microsurgeries, they are helpful for OCD, anxiety disorder, and depression
32
What is bipolar disorder?
Alternating periods of depression and mania, sufferers make poor decisions while manic and withdrawal when they are depressed
33
What is mania?
It involved delusional levels of optimism, euphoria, and energy
34
True or false: Bipolar disorder is equally as common in men and women
True
35
What is Lithium used for?
The drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder that evens out mood swings, overdose can be lethal
36
What is schizophrenia?
Severe mental disorder in which a person's thoughts and behaviors are so distorted that he/she can no longer deal with reality
37
What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
Abnormal behavior exhibited by schizophrenics
38
What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Normal behavior that are absent in schizophrenics
39
Give examples of positive symptoms.
Hallucinations (mostly auditory), delusions, inappropriate emotional responses, etc.
40
Give examples of negative symptoms.
Social withdrawal, poor hygiene, flat affect (having no emotional response)
41
What are the causes of schizophrenia?
Brain abnormalities, excessive dopamine activity, stress, and genetics
42
What are antipsychotic drugs?
They alleviate many symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses, they block activity of dopamine
43
What are limitations to biological therapy?
Patient are over-reliant on drugs, drugs may have negative effects, many drugs only provide symptomatic relief, etc.
44
What are impulse control disorders?
Inability to resist an urge to perform a particular behavior
45
What is intermittent explosive disorder?
Outbursts of emotion
46
What is kleptomania?
Compulsive stealing
47
What is pyromania?
Setting fires
48
What is trichotillomania?
Pulling out one's own hair
49
What are personality disorders?
Consistent, long-term, extreme personality characteristics that are problematic
50
What is paranoid?
When you are highly suspicious of others
51
What is narcissistic?
When one has an inflated view of self, manipulative
52
What is histrionic?
Dramatic exaggeration and mannerisms used to bring attention to one's self
53
What is avoidant?
When you shun social interaction
54
What is dependent?
When one lacks self-confidence and cannot take responsibility for themselves
55
What is obsessive-compulsive?
Excessive concern with details and rules
56
What is borderline?
Mood swings, irritability, unstable relationships
57
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Marked by lack of empathy, chronic under arousal, willingness to lie, cheat, steal, and break the law
58
What is conduct disorder?
Habitual antisocial behavior despite discipline
59
What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Difficulty focusing attention for any length of time and is easily distracted
60
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction
61
What is anorexia nervosa?
Reducing eating to the point that weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight or more occurs
62
What is bulimia?
A cycle of "binging" or overeating and "purging" or deliberately vomiting, using laxatives, etc.
63
What is gender dysphoria?
Problems accepting one's identity as male or female, person may seek surgery
64
What is paraphilia?
Unusual or inappropriate sexual attractions
65
What is fetishism?
Sexual attraction to inanimate objects
66
What is voyeurism?
Sexual attraction to watching un-consenting people nude or engaged in sexual activity
67
What is exhibitionism?
Sexual attraction to exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting strangers
68
What is pedophilia?
Sexual attraction to prepubescent children
69
What is masochism?
Sexual attraction to being bound, beaten, or made to suffer
70
What is sadism?
Sexual attraction to hurting others
71
What are common sexual dysfunctions?
Absence of sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and becoming aroused at inappropriate times
72
What age groups are suicide most common in?
Adolescents and older adults
73
What are legal issues regarding criminal law?
Lacking the capacity to recognize the wrongness of their conduct or to act in conformity with the requirement of the law
74
It is ________ to escape punishment by reason of mental state
Difficult
75
What are legal issues regarding civil law?
Mentally ill people have the legal right to treatment, but they also have the right to refuse treatment unless their behavior is dangerous to themselves or others

Psychology (12 decks)

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