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Psychology > Chapter 14 & 15: Psychological Disorders and Biomedical Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 14 & 15: Psychological Disorders and Biomedical Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 criteria of abnormal behavior?

A

Statistically unusual, nonadaptive, social judgment, and perceptual distortion

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2
Q

What is the demonological explanation of abnormal behavior?

A

In Middle Ages, people believed abnormal behavior was caused by spirits and demonic possession.

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3
Q

What is the clinical explanation of abnormal behavior?

A

Tends to follow different perspectives of psychology (humanistic, biological, cognitive, behavioral, etc.)

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4
Q

What is the DSM-V?

A

Standard system that helps clinicians recognize and identify mental disorders

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5
Q

What is phobia (anxiety disorder)?

A

Unreasonable, excessive, or irrational fear that causes great distress in life

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6
Q

Give an example of a phobia.

A

Agoraphobia: “Fear of marketplace,” intense fear when isolated in open space/crowd

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7
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Patients suffer from panic attacks, they are intense, short-lived, reoccurring episodes, or overwhelming anxiety/terror

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8
Q

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Marked by constant anxiety that has no identifiable cause, lasts 6 months or more

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9
Q

What is acute stress disorder?

A

Brief period (less than 4 months) of mental illness that arises in response to traumatic event

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10
Q

What is post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

A

Powerful and debilitating recollections of a stressful event while awake/asleep

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11
Q

What is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)?

A

Obsessions are persistent, uncontrollable thoughts and compulsions are actions that a person feels the need to perform repeatedly (can lead to depression)

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12
Q

When is anxiety abnormal?

A

Anxiety that is extreme or excessive that interferes with normal functioning

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13
Q

What are anti anxiety drugs?

A

Drugs used to treat feeling of tension and anxiety, increase sense of well-being

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14
Q

Give some examples of modern anti anxiety drugs.

A

Xanax and Valium

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15
Q

What are somatoform disorders?

A

Disorders in which a person experiences physical symptoms for psychological reasons

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16
Q

What is conversion?

A

Sensory or motor impairment such as paralysis or blindness

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17
Q

What is somatization disorder?

A

Repeated, varying symptoms such as nausea and fatigue, often many years duration

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18
Q

What is hypochondriasis?

A

Excessive attention to state of health, preoccupation with the minor aches and pains of living

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19
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Preoccupation with a defect in physical appearance

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20
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Total or partial loss of information about the self, usually triggered by traumatic experience

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21
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Traveling away from home with no memory for the trip and possible amnesia for personal info

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22
Q

What is depersonalization disorder?

A

Feelings of disconnection or detachment from your body/surroundings

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23
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A

AKA multiple personality disorder, 2 or more distinct personalities in 1 body

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24
Q

What is major depressive disorder?

A

Overwhelming feelings of sadness, despair, and hopelessness. Loss of interest in pleasure activities

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25
Q

What are causes of major depressive disorder?

A

Exogenous (external events) and Endogenous (internal events)

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26
Q

Major depressive disorder is more common in _________.

A

Women

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27
Q

What are antidepressants?

A

Drugs that relieve symptoms of depression and increase concentration of serotonin

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28
Q

Give examples of antidepressants?

A

SSRI’s (Prozac, Zoloft) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (Nardil)

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29
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A

Effective treatment used for depression and mania that is unresponsive to drugs, works by altering neurotransmitter balance

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30
Q

What is psychosurgery?

A

Severing connections between prefrontal lobes rear areas of the brain, made patients manageable but changed their character

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31
Q

What is the modern form of psychosurgery?

A

Cingulotomies and other microsurgeries, they are helpful for OCD, anxiety disorder, and depression

32
Q

What is bipolar disorder?

A

Alternating periods of depression and mania, sufferers make poor decisions while manic and withdrawal when they are depressed

33
Q

What is mania?

A

It involved delusional levels of optimism, euphoria, and energy

34
Q

True or false: Bipolar disorder is equally as common in men and women

A

True

35
Q

What is Lithium used for?

A

The drug of choice for treating bipolar disorder that evens out mood swings, overdose can be lethal

36
Q

What is schizophrenia?

A

Severe mental disorder in which a person’s thoughts and behaviors are so distorted that he/she can no longer deal with reality

37
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Abnormal behavior exhibited by schizophrenics

38
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Normal behavior that are absent in schizophrenics

39
Q

Give examples of positive symptoms.

A

Hallucinations (mostly auditory), delusions, inappropriate emotional responses, etc.

40
Q

Give examples of negative symptoms.

A

Social withdrawal, poor hygiene, flat affect (having no emotional response)

41
Q

What are the causes of schizophrenia?

A

Brain abnormalities, excessive dopamine activity, stress, and genetics

42
Q

What are antipsychotic drugs?

A

They alleviate many symptoms associated with schizophrenia and other major mental illnesses, they block activity of dopamine

43
Q

What are limitations to biological therapy?

A

Patient are over-reliant on drugs, drugs may have negative effects, many drugs only provide symptomatic relief, etc.

44
Q

What are impulse control disorders?

A

Inability to resist an urge to perform a particular behavior

45
Q

What is intermittent explosive disorder?

A

Outbursts of emotion

46
Q

What is kleptomania?

A

Compulsive stealing

47
Q

What is pyromania?

A

Setting fires

48
Q

What is trichotillomania?

A

Pulling out one’s own hair

49
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

Consistent, long-term, extreme personality characteristics that are problematic

50
Q

What is paranoid?

A

When you are highly suspicious of others

51
Q

What is narcissistic?

A

When one has an inflated view of self, manipulative

52
Q

What is histrionic?

A

Dramatic exaggeration and mannerisms used to bring attention to one’s self

53
Q

What is avoidant?

A

When you shun social interaction

54
Q

What is dependent?

A

When one lacks self-confidence and cannot take responsibility for themselves

55
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive?

A

Excessive concern with details and rules

56
Q

What is borderline?

A

Mood swings, irritability, unstable relationships

57
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder?

A

Marked by lack of empathy, chronic under arousal, willingness to lie, cheat, steal, and break the law

58
Q

What is conduct disorder?

A

Habitual antisocial behavior despite discipline

59
Q

What is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

A

Difficulty focusing attention for any length of time and is easily distracted

60
Q

What is autism spectrum disorder?

A

Persistent deficits in social communication and interaction

61
Q

What is anorexia nervosa?

A

Reducing eating to the point that weight loss of 15% below the ideal body weight or more occurs

62
Q

What is bulimia?

A

A cycle of “binging” or overeating and “purging” or deliberately vomiting, using laxatives, etc.

63
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A

Problems accepting one’s identity as male or female, person may seek surgery

64
Q

What is paraphilia?

A

Unusual or inappropriate sexual attractions

65
Q

What is fetishism?

A

Sexual attraction to inanimate objects

66
Q

What is voyeurism?

A

Sexual attraction to watching un-consenting people nude or engaged in sexual activity

67
Q

What is exhibitionism?

A

Sexual attraction to exposing one’s genitals to unsuspecting strangers

68
Q

What is pedophilia?

A

Sexual attraction to prepubescent children

69
Q

What is masochism?

A

Sexual attraction to being bound, beaten, or made to suffer

70
Q

What is sadism?

A

Sexual attraction to hurting others

71
Q

What are common sexual dysfunctions?

A

Absence of sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and becoming aroused at inappropriate times

72
Q

What age groups are suicide most common in?

A

Adolescents and older adults

73
Q

What are legal issues regarding criminal law?

A

Lacking the capacity to recognize the wrongness of their conduct or to act in conformity with the requirement of the law

74
Q

It is ________ to escape punishment by reason of mental state

A

Difficult

75
Q

What are legal issues regarding civil law?

A

Mentally ill people have the legal right to treatment, but they also have the right to refuse treatment unless their behavior is dangerous to themselves or others

Psychology (12 decks)

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