Chapter 7

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

refers to how we put information into a form which can fit into our personal storage system. Like a computer how each letter is assigned a code which forms the letter itself, Giving ideas an electrochemical code.

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

we store information in an organised manner making it easier to recover.

Question 2

Retrieval

Answer 2

The process of retrieving information from our brain so we can use it. Retrieval relies on cues for us to be able to retrieve the information. Memories act as a rough copy of the encounter rather than an exact copy.

Question 2

Short Term Memory

Answer 2

a limited store of conscious memory, if encoded the short term memory enters long term.

Question 2

Sensory memory

Answer 2

very short term memory, if the individual pays attention it may enter short term memory

Question 2

Long term memory

Answer 2

theoretically endless and needs to be retrieved.

Question 2

Iconic memory

Answer 2

the visual version of sensory memory - lasts for 0.3 seconds

Question 2

Echoic memory

Answer 2

the acoustic version of sensory memory - lasts between 3-4 seconds

Question 2

Use of short term memory

Answer 2

Short term memory helps us retain information long enough to utilise it. For example hearing a telephone number and putting it in your contacts. Short term memory can only hold between 5-9 pieces of information and only lasts for a maximum of 30 seconds

Question 3

Long term memory (process)

Answer 3

must cue the information to be retrieved. The amount of time a memory can be stored is unknown and information we thought we forgot may come flooding back if we had the right cue.

Question 3

Declarative memory

Answer 3

memory for facts, events and information. Commonly associated with learning at school. It involves semantic and episodic memory.

Question 3

Procedural memory

Answer 3

involves storing memories of how to do tasks and actions, yet we may not be able to describe how to do it. Some reaseachers say that there is a link between procedural memory and implicit memory, because memory of skill is largely unconscious.

Question 3

Episodic memory

Answer 3

refers to the memory of events.

Question 3

Phonological loop

Answer 3

auditory working memory. Helps us to understand speech specifically allowing us to hold onto multiple words in a sentence.

Question 3

Levels of processing

Answer 3

States that there is not limit to our memory stores only how easy a memory is to retrieved via cues. There are three levels of encoding.