Chapter 5

Question 1

Ageing (vision)

Answer 1

ageing affects physical and psychological ability, including vision. Mainly through perceiving and interpreting stimuli from our environment, this can be seen in reading and driving.

Question 2

Presbyopia

Answer 2

occurs when the eye’s lens loses flexibility and stretches over time. Making it difficult to focus on objects that are close such as printed text. Develops because the lens cannot focus light as well on the retina as it once could.

Question 3

Floaters

Answer 3

floaters are spots of tiny gel clumps that float in the vitreous fluid which surrounds the eye. They are caused when the vitreous humour becomes crystalised .

Question 4

Cataracts

Answer 4

occur when the eyes lens’ become cloudy due to a breakdown of proteins. The lens and cornea are responsible for focusing light on the retina. Cataracts interrupt this process. Leading to blurred vision, and difficulty seeing in the dark and in bright light.

Question 5

Age related macular degeneration

Answer 5

caused by the build-up of deposits in the macula, located in the centre of the retina. Causing inflammation and degeneration of the macula’s photo receptors. Causing a blurry spot in the centre vision and makes it difficult to see detail.

Question 6

Glaucoma

Answer 6

Glaucoma affects the optic nerve and results in a loss of peripheral vision, which can lead to blindness. Damage to the optic nerve causes disruption to the transmission of visual information to the brain.

Question 7

Perceptual set

Answer 7

a predisposition to view things a certain way, interpreting what we see according to certain preconceptions. Through perceptual set we only see certain aspects that stick out to us.

Question 8

Factors that affect perceptual set

Answer 8

Past experiences, context, Mptivation, emotion

Question 9

Visual Perception principles

Answer 9

we only pay attention to important things and our brain filters all unimportant visual stimuli out

Question 10

Perceptual constancies

Answer 10

help us maintain a constant perception on a stimulus

Question 11

Size consistency

Answer 11

allows humans to understand the true size of objects no matter how far away Shape constancy - allows humans to perceive and identify object no matter the angle and understand that the shape does change despite being viewed from different angles

Question 12

Figure ground organisation

Answer 12

the figure is the part of the visual field being focused on, whilst the ground is separated from the figure

Question 13

examples of figure ground organisation

Answer 13

camouflage, similarity, proximity, depth perception, convergence, accomodation

Question 14

Pictorial depth cues

Answer 14

linear perspective (converging lines, interposition (objects overlapping), texture gradient (furtehr away less texture), Relative size, Height in the visual field (closer objects are larger)

Question 15

How culture affects vision

Answer 15

example, African tribes not be accustomed to height in the visual field