chapter 11

Question 1

socialisation

Answer 1

the practice of how people particularly children learn the customs and norms of society

Question 2

primary socialisation

Answer 2

how children learn behaviours, customs and beliefs from close care givers such as parents.

Question 3

secondary socialisation

Answer 3

how teenagers learn the customs, beliefs and practices of society.
Secondary socialisation can also be effected by social media

Question 4

sex

Answer 4

biological gender

Question 5

gender

Answer 5

sociocultural differences between males and females i.e. beliefs and attributes that align with either male or female but can be possessed by both males and females.

Question 6

Evolution psychology

Answer 6

explains behaviour based upon natural selection. By males acting tough and aggressive this increased the likelihood of males attracting mates. Whilst, females act nurturing to attract males as good care givers.

Question 7

Biological difference

Answer 7

men often have greater physical strength and thus will develop masculine straits such as aggression.

Question 8

psychosexual differences

Answer 8

gender roles are due to hormones i.e. testosterone makes people act masculine.

Question 9

Biosocial theory

Answer 9

gender is a result of interaction between socialisation and biological factors. When they are born they are genderless and based upon their sex they will be socialised to align with that gender.

Question 10

Kohlberg’s Cognitive Theory of Gender

Answer 10

Children go through three stages gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy

Question 11

Gender schema

Answer 11

a list of stereotypes or pre conceived ideas.

Question 11

gender constancy

Answer 11

Children now understand that they will remain their sex and although someone may show sign of femineity or masculinity they have not changed sex.

Question 12

gender stability

Answer 12

children understand that they will stay their same sex. But may assume based upon if people’s attributes either being masculine or feminine may assume their sex.

Question 12

gender identity

Answer 12

children start to think about gender from ages 2-3. They understand their own gender and will assign genders to others based upon their perceived attributes that a man or woman should have.

Question 13

Gender scripts

Answer 13

help children decide how they will act around others and how other should act based upon their gender.

Question 14

social learning theory of gender role information

Answer 14

Children learn gender mainly through their parents and are more likely to look to those who they can relate to. Gender roles have no innate psychological differences between the sexes and any gender role is learnt based on socialisation.

Question 15

Compliance

Answer 15

when people agree with others beliefs or opinions and will often keep any contradictory opinions or beliefs to themselves.

Question 16

identification

Answer 16

when we identify with someone we are more likely to be influenced by them. e.g. is Weetabix who get iron men and women to endorse their brand so people feel positively towards the cereal as people who are liked by society like their cereal.

Question 17

internalisation

Answer 17

when someone’s attitudes and behaviours reflect each other, an attitude is said to be internalised.