chapter 11 Flashcards
socialisation
the practice of how people particularly children learn the customs and norms of society
primary socialisation
how children learn behaviours, customs and beliefs from close care givers such as parents.
secondary socialisation
how teenagers learn the customs, beliefs and practices of society.
Secondary socialisation can also be effected by social media
sex
biological gender
gender
sociocultural differences between males and females i.e. beliefs and attributes that align with either male or female but can be possessed by both males and females.
Evolution psychology
explains behaviour based upon natural selection. By males acting tough and aggressive this increased the likelihood of males attracting mates. Whilst, females act nurturing to attract males as good care givers.
Biological difference
men often have greater physical strength and thus will develop masculine straits such as aggression.
psychosexual differences
gender roles are due to hormones i.e. testosterone makes people act masculine.
Biosocial theory
gender is a result of interaction between socialisation and biological factors. When they are born they are genderless and based upon their sex they will be socialised to align with that gender.
Kohlberg’s Cognitive Theory of Gender
Children go through three stages gender identity, gender stability and gender constancy
Gender schema
a list of stereotypes or pre conceived ideas.
gender constancy
Children now understand that they will remain their sex and although someone may show sign of femineity or masculinity they have not changed sex.
gender stability
children understand that they will stay their same sex. But may assume based upon if people’s attributes either being masculine or feminine may assume their sex.
gender identity
children start to think about gender from ages 2-3. They understand their own gender and will assign genders to others based upon their perceived attributes that a man or woman should have.
Gender scripts
help children decide how they will act around others and how other should act based upon their gender.
social learning theory of gender role information
Children learn gender mainly through their parents and are more likely to look to those who they can relate to. Gender roles have no innate psychological differences between the sexes and any gender role is learnt based on socialisation.
Compliance
when people agree with others beliefs or opinions and will often keep any contradictory opinions or beliefs to themselves.
identification
when we identify with someone we are more likely to be influenced by them. e.g. is Weetabix who get iron men and women to endorse their brand so people feel positively towards the cereal as people who are liked by society like their cereal.
internalisation
when someone’s attitudes and behaviours reflect each other, an attitude is said to be internalised.
