Chapter 3

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

The dendrites come off the soma which receive information from other neurons.

Question 2

Soma

Answer 2

Helps to maintain the neuron and receives information from other neurons.

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

a chord like structure of nerve tissues that carries electrical signals from one neuron to another.

Question 4

Myelin

Answer 4

helps the neuron perform its actions more efficiently

Question 5

Axon terminal

Answer 5

found at the end of the axon branch and transmit messages to the next neuron. The axon terminals link with dendrites of another neuron.

Question 6

Neurotransmitters

Answer 6

Chemicals that transmit information from one neuron to the next. Neurons don’t touch but rather have a tiny space called a synapse. The transmitting of messages between each other is called synaptic transmission.

Question 7

Glutamate

Answer 7

Glutamate excites almost all neurons in the brain and in the rest of the nervous system, and has an important role in memory and learning.

Question 8

Gaba

Answer 8

Gaba inhibits neurons in the brain regulating anxiety

Question 9

Acetylcholine

Answer 9

Involved in memory, learning, and rem sleep. Acetylcholine is also involved in Neuroplasticity which refers to how the brain changes itself due to its long-term situation.

Question 10

Epinephrine

Answer 10

(adrenalin) Epinephrine is produced in situations which invoke fear and anxiety in the organism and is operated by the autonomic nervous system. Causes increased heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.

Question 11

Norepinephrine

Answer 11

Gets the body ready to act, it increases blood flow into muscles and increases heart rate. It’s main job is to increase alertness, arousal, and increase reaction times. It is also responsible for regulating our moods and concentration.

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

involved in thoughts, feelings, emotion and behaviour. Dopamine neura pathways are linked with pleasure. Dopamine also explains addiction as we want more dopamine, so thus it reinforces our behaviour. Dopamine can also explain motivatio and attention.

Question 13

Serotonin

Answer 13

helps to regulate mood, social behaviour appetite, digestion, sleep, memory and sexual functioning. It affects our happiness and wellbeing. Additionally, seretonin also helps to regulate our sleep wak cycle. It inhibits aggression and anti-social behaviour.

Question 14

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 14

Parkinson’s disease is a result of a lack of dopamine, without enough dopamine the neurons of the striatum fire uncontrollably, which results in the inability to control movements

Question 15

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 15

Alzheimer’s disease affects one’s memory and can include confusion, attention span and even depression. The disease effects the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Changes in brain tissue in Alzheimer’s include tangles neurons. Additionally Alzheimer patients have a lack of acetylcholine.