Chapter 10 Flashcards
classical conditioning
a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
first phase of classical conditioning
an unconditioned stimulus provides an unconditioned response. During this phase there is also a neutral stimulus which provides no response
second phase of classical conditioning
involves an association between the neutral and unconditioned stimulus. Causing the neutral stimulus to become a conditioned stimulus.
third phase of conditioning
the conditioned stimulus produces a conditioned response as a result of the association with the unconditioned stimulus.
Aversion therapy
A form of classical conditioning where a person with an unwanted behaviour learns to associate the unwanted behaviour with an unwanted experience.
operant conditioning
rewards or punishes behaviour therefore provoking a preferable response
reinforcer
any stimulus that strengthens or weakens the likelihood of someone’s response (behaviour).
punisher
any stimulus that weakens or decreases the likelihood of a behaviour.
positive punishment
a behaviour followed by a negative experience
negative punishment
a form of punishment that entails something desirable being removed i.e. being grounded
difference of punishment and reinforcement
Punishment decreases the probability, whilst positive reinforcement increases the probability of a response.
Negative reinforcement when the behaviour stops an unpleasant experience.
shaping
when someone receives encouragement for each attempt they have at a desired response.
stimulus generalisation
When a behaviour is produced by a similar stimulus e.g. a dog running towards an electric can opener so when it hears something similar like a blender the dog also comes running over.
extinction
when a response is no longer reinforced and thus is no longer associated
Attention
the person social learning something must pay close attention to the model.
