Chapter 7 Flashcards
Appendicular skeleton two girdles:
- Pectoral girdle
- Pelvic girdle
What does the pectoral girdle attach?
The upper limbs to the body trunk.
What does the pelvic girdle attach?
The lower limbs to the body trunk.
What do the clavicle and scapulae attach?
The upper limbs to the axial skeleton.
3 fossa of the scapula:
Infraspinosus fossa (posterior)
Supraspinous fossa (anterior)
Subscapular fossa (anterior)
How many bones form the skeletal framework of each upper limb?
30 bones
30 bones consist of:
Arm– Humerus
Forearm– radius and ulna
Hands– 8 carpal bones, 5 metacarpal bones, and 14 phalanges
What is the largest bone in the upper limb?
Humerus; proximal end fits articulate in the glenoid cavity
Describe the ulna:
- medial bone in the forearm (pinky)
- forms the major portion of elbow joint with humerus
Describe the radius:
- lateral bone in the arm (thumb)
- interosseus membrane (ligament) connects the radius and ulna along their entire length
Describe the carpals:
- wrist
- 8 short bones
- pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, scaphoid, hamate, capitate, triquetrum, and lunate
Describe the metacarpals:
- palm
- 5 metacarpal bones (I to V) from thumb to pinky
Describe the phlanges:
- fingers
- numbered I to V
- digit I the pollex (thumb) has 2 bones
- digit II-V have 3 bones- distal, medial, and proximal phalanx
Pelvic Hip Girdle consists of:
- two coxal bones and sacrum
- attached to the lower limbs
- three fused bones form coxal bone
- ilium, ischium, and pubis
Female pelvis:
-adapted for childbearing
- true pelvis defines birth canal
- pelvis broad, shallow, and greater capacity
- pubic angle: broader, more rounded (80-90 degrees)
Male pelvis:
- adapted for support of males heavier build and stronger muscles
- true pelvis is narrow and deep
- pubic angle: more acute (50 to 60 degrees)
Female sacrum:
- wider shorter; curvature accentuated
-coccyx: more movable
-sciatic notch: wide and shallow
Male sacrum:
- narrower; longer; ventral
- coccyx: less movable
- sciatic notch: narrow and deep
Three segments of the lower limb:
- Thigh
- Leg
- Foot
What are the bones of the thigh?
Femur
Patella
What is the largest and strongest bone in the body?
Femur
The femur is (blank) of a person’s height.
1/4
What are the bones of the leg?
Tibia
Fibula
Describe the tibia:
- medial leg bone
-receives weight of body from femur, transmits to foot
Describe the fibula:
- not weight bearing
- several muscles originate from fibula
How are the tibia ad fibula connected?
Interosseous membrane
Which is more likely to be fractured: tibia, humerus, or fibula?
Fibula
What are the bones of the foot?
Tarsus
Metatarsus
Phalanges
Describe the tarsus:
- ankle
- 7 tarsal bones
- talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiform
Describe the metatarsals:
- 5 metatarsals
- I to V hallux to pinky toe
Describe the phlangess
14 bones of the toes
- same set up as the hand
Arches of the feet:
Lateral longitudinal
Medial Longitudinal
Transverse
- spread weight across surface
