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Anatomy& Physiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the endothelium?

A
  • Lining of the lymphatic /blood vessels, and heart
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2
Q

Where is the nervous tissue found?

A
  • Brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
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3
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium - location and function,

A
  • Two cell layers thick
  • protection
  • sweat and mammary glands
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4
Q

What is the function of the nervous tissue?

A

Controls ; internal communication

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5
Q

Where is the mesothelium?

A
  • epithelium of serous membrane in the ventral body cavity
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6
Q

Bottom of a surface is?

A

Basal

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7
Q

Simple squamous epithelium - location and function

A
  • Single layer of cells
  • Kidney and lungs
  • Endothelium
  • Mesothelium
  • materials pass by diffusion and filtration in sites; secretes lubricating substances in serosse
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8
Q

What are the two names epithelial tissue have?

A
  • Simple
  • Stratified
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9
Q

Where are connective tissues found?

A
  • Bones
  • tendons
  • fat
    -Blood
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10
Q

Flattened and scalelike?

A

Squamous cells

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11
Q

Where are the two types of epithelial tissues?

A
  • cover and lining of epithelia
    •respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tract
  • glandular epithelia
    • glands (endocrine)
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12
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium- location and function

A
  • Only apical layer columnar
  • Protection
  • pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts
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13
Q

Where is the muscle tissue found?

A
  • Attached to bones (skeletal)
  • heart (cardiac)
  • walls of hollow organs (smooth)
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14
Q

Where are epithelial tissues found?

A

-Lining of digestive tract organs
- epidermis

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15
Q

What is the most common epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

Stratified squamous epithelial – location and function

A
  • Two or more cell layers
  • Protects from wear and tear
  • Epidermis and esophagus
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17
Q

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - location and function

A
  • Cells vary in height ; appears stratified but is not
  • secretes mucus and absorbs
  • trachea
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18
Q

Simple columnar epithelium- location and function

A
  • Single layer of tall, close packed cells
  • secrete and absorb
  • digestive tract
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19
Q

What is the function of Epithelial tissue?

A

Covers, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters, excretion, and sensory reception

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20
Q

Top of a surface is?

A

Apical

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21
Q

What is the function of Connective tissue?

A

Supports, protects, insulates, stores reserve fuel, transports substances and binds other tissues together

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22
Q

Tall and column shaped ; nucleus elongated

A

Columnar cell

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23
Q

What are the 5 characteristics of Epithelial Tissues?

A
  1. Polarity
  2. Specialized contacts
  3. Supported by connective tissues
  4. Avascular but innervated
  5. Can regenerate rapidly
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24
Q

What are the shapes of epithelial tissues?

A
  • Squamous
    -Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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25
Q

Boxlike and nucleus round?

A

Cuboidal cell

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26
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Produces movement

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27
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium - location and function

A
  • Single layer of cells
  • secrete and absorb
  • kidney tubules
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28
Q

Transitional epithelium - location and function

A
  • Apical/basal layered cells
  • Stretch
  • Lining of in urinary organs
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29
Q

What is a gland?

A

One or more cells that make and secrete a particular product.

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30
Q

What is secretion?

A

Aqueous fluid that includes protein

31
Q

What kind of glands internally secrete?

A

Endocrine glands

32
Q

Where do endocrine gland secrete their hormones?

A

Lymph or blood to specific organs.

33
Q

What kind of glands externally secrete?

A

Exocrine glands

34
Q

Where are exocrine glands secretions released?

A

Onto body surfaces or into body cavities ;
into ducts
Ex. Mucous, sweat, oil, and salivary glands

35
Q

What are the 4 main classes of connective tissues?

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Cartilage
  3. Bone
  4. Blood
36
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  1. Have mesenchyme
  2. Varying degrees of vascularity
  3. Have extracellular matrix
37
Q

Mesenchyme is?

A

Embryonic tissue

38
Q

Extracellular matrix is?

A
  • Separates cells
  • Nonliving
39
Q

What are the 3 elements all connective tissue must have?

A
  1. Ground substance
  2. Fibers
  3. Cells
40
Q

What is ground substance?

A

Fills the space between the cells and contains fibers

41
Q

What is considered the connective tissue glue?

A

Cell Adhesion Proteins

42
Q

What are the 3 Connective tissue fibers?

A
  1. Collagen
  2. Elastic fibers
  3. Reticular
43
Q

Collagen

A
  • Strongest and most abundant
  • Tough ; provides high tensile strength
44
Q

Elastic fibers

A
  • Elastin: allow for stretch/recoil
  • Long and thin
45
Q

Reticular fibers

A
  • short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
46
Q

What cells are specific to connective tissue proper?

A
  1. Fibroblast
47
Q

What cells are specific to cartilage?

A
  1. Chondroblasts
  2. Chondrocytes
48
Q

What cells are specific to bones?

A
  1. Osteoblast
    2.Osteocytes
49
Q

What connective tissue cell stores nutrients?

A

Fat cells

50
Q

What connective tissue cell responds to injury?

A

White blood cells

51
Q

3 examples of WBC

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Lymphocytes
52
Q

What connective tissue cell initiates local inflammatory responses?

A

Mast cells

53
Q

What do mast cells secrete?

A

Histamine

54
Q

What connective tissue cell is considered phagocytic and eats dead cells?

A

Macrophages

55
Q

What are 2 characteristics of cartilage?

A
  1. Lacks nerve fibers
  2. Avascular
56
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline
  2. Elastic
  3. Fibrocartilage
    * different fibers in each cartilage
57
Q

Hyaline cartilage - location an function

A
  • Support and reinforces
  • costal cartilage of the ribs
58
Q

Elastic cartilage- location and function

A
  • Maintains the shape of structure/flexibility
  • ear/epiglottis
59
Q

Fibrocartilage- location and function

A

-Tensile strength
- intervertebral discs

60
Q

What is another name for bone?

A

Osseous tissue

61
Q

Bone ( osseous tissue) - location and function

A
  • Supports and protects body structures
  • stores fat and synthesizes blood cells in cavities
  • bones
62
Q

Blood - location and function

A
  • Transport respiratory gases nutrients, wastes, and other substances
  • Located within blood vessels
63
Q

How is blood a connective tissue?

A

Arrives from mesenchymal tissue and has a nonliving fluid matrix

64
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of Muscle tissue?

A
  1. Highly vascularized
  2. Responsible for most type of movement
65
Q

What are the 3 muscle tissues?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
66
Q

What is unique about skeletal muscle? How does it look?

A

Voluntary
Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells

67
Q

What is unique about cardiac muscle? How does it look?

A

Involuntary
Branched, striated, uninucleate cells

68
Q

What is unique about smooth muscle tissue? How does it look?

A

Involuntary
Spindle shaped cells with central nuclei, no striations

69
Q

What is the nervous system composed of?

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Neurolgia
70
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Generate and conduct nerve impulses
* apart of neuron cell (long axon)

71
Q

What do neurolgia do?

A

Support, insulate, and protect neurons

72
Q

Which tissue regenerates extremely well?

A

Epithelial tissues

73
Q

Which tissue regenerates at moderate capacity?

A

Smooth muscle

74
Q

Which tissue has virtually no regenerative capacity?

A

nervous tissue

Anatomy& Physiology (18 decks)

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