Chapter 6c Flashcards
The sense or act of hearing.
Audition
The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time (for example, per second).
Frequency
A tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
Pitch
The chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea’s oval window.
Middle Ear
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sound waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses.
Cochlea
The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibular sacs.
Inner Ear
Hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; the most common form of hearing loss, also called nerve deafness.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
A less common form of hearing loss, caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea.
Conduction Hearing Loss
A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.
Cochlear Implant
In hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated.
Place Theory
In hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch. Also called temporal theory.
Frequency Theory
The theory that the spinal cord contains the neural “gate” that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The “gate” is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up the small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in large fibers or by information coming from the brain.
Gate Control Theory
A social interaction in which one person suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
Hypnosis
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
Dissociation
A suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
Posthypnotic Suggestion
The sense of smell.
Olfaction
System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
Kinesthesia
The sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance.
Vestibular Sense
The principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste.
Sensory Interation
The influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments.
Embodied Cognition
The controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition.
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokenisis.
Parapsychology
According to Weber’s Law, for a difference to be perceived, two stimuli must differ by:
a constant minimum percentage
Our perceptual set influences what we perceive. This mental tendency reflects our:
experiences, assumptions, and expectations
Sensation is to __________________ as perception is to __________________.
bottom-up processing; top-down processing
Sensory adaptation helps us focus on:
important changes in the environment
Subliminal stimuli are:
below our absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
The brain’s ability to process many aspects of an object or problem simultaneously is called:
Parallel Processing
Our tendencies to fill in the gaps and to perceive a pattern as continuous are two different examples of the organizing principle called:
Grouping
In listening to a concert, you attend to the solo instrument and perceive the orchestra as accompaniment. This illustrates the organizing principle of:
Figure-Ground
Which of the following ESP phenomena is supported by solid, reliable scientific evidence?
None of these (precognition, Clairvoyance, telepathy)
A food’s aroma can greatly enhance it’s taste. This is an example of:
Sensory Interaction
