Chapter 10 Flashcards
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Intelligence
According to Spearman and others, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
General Intelligence
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
Savant Syndrome
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
emotional Intelligence
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
Intelligent Test
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Achievement Test
A test designed to predict a person’s future performance.
Aptitude Test
A measure of intelligence test performance designed by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age.
Mental Age
The widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Stanford Binet
Defined originally as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100.
Intelligence Quotient
Also known as the WAIS, this test and its companion versions for children are the most widely used intelligence tests; they contain verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests.
Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Standardization
The bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes.
Normal Curve
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test, or on retesting.
Reliability
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest.
Content Validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior.
Predictive Validity
Research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time.
Cross Sectional Study
Research that follows and retests the same people over time.
Longitudinal Study
A group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period.
Cohort
Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.
Crystalized Intelligence
Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age, especially during late adulthood.
Fluid Intelligence
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life.
Intellectual Disability
The proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. The heritability of a trait may vary, depending on the range of populations and environments studied.
Heritability
