Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment?
consciousness
What is the interdisciplinary study of the brain and activity linked with cognition?
cognitive
Also known as neuroscience.
What is the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus?
selective attention
What is the term for failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere?
inattentional blindness
What is the term for failing to notice changes in the environment?
change blindness
A form of inattentional blindness.
What is the principle that information is often processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks?
dual processing
What is the condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it?
blindsight
What is the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously?
parallel processing
Generally used to process well-learned information or to solve easy problems.
Processing one aspect of a problem at a time; generally used to process new information or to solve difficult problems.
sequential
Our biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
circadian rhythm
Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur.
REM sleep
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
alpha waves
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
hallucinations
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
delta waves
A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that controls circadian rhythm.
suprachiasmatic nucleus
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
insomnia
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks.
narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep.
sleep apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified.
night terrors
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.
dream
According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream.
manifest content
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream.
latent content
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
REM rebound
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.
psychoactive drug
A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption.
substance use disorder
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug.
tolerance
The discomfort and stress that follow discontinuing an addictive drug or behavior.
withdrawal
Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
depressants
Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.
alcohol use disorder
Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
barbiturates
Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin.
opiates
Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
stimulants
A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.
nicotine
A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the coca plant.
cocaine
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing accelerated body functions.
amphetamines
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system.
methamphetamine
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen.
ecstasy (MDMA)
Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images.
hallucinogens
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death.
near death experience
A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.
LSD
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects including mild hallucinations.
THC
We devote deliberate attention to stimuli using ____________________ processing, while we register and react to stimuli outside of our awareness through ____________________ processing.
conscious; unconscious
During NREM-3 sleep, the brain emits large, slow, _______________ waves.
delta
In interpreting dreams, Freud was most interested in their:
latent content, or hidden meaning
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that have been proposed to explain why we need sleep?
Sleep rests the eyes
Our body temperature tends to rise and fall in sync with a biological clock, which is referred to as:
circadian rhythm
After continued use of a psychoactive drug, the drug user needs to take larger doses to get the desired effect. This is referred to as:
tolerance
Depressants include alcohol, barbiturates,
and opiates.
An important psychological contributor of drug use is:
the feeling that life is meaningless and directionless
Long-term use of Ecstasy can:
deplete serotonin-producing neurons
TRUE or FALSE: Use of marijuana impairs motor coordination, perception, reaction time, and memory.
True
