Chapter 5a Flashcards

1
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

A

Developmental Psychology

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2
Q

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

A

Zygote

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3
Q

The developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

A

Embryo

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4
Q

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.

A

Fetus

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5
Q

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, than can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

A

teratogens

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6
Q

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features.

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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7
Q

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.

A

Habituation

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8
Q

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

A

Maturation

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9
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

A

Schema

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10
Q

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas.

A

assimilation

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11
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

A

Sensorimotor Stage

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12
Q

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

A

Object Permanence

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13
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.

A

Preoperational Stage

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14
Q

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.

A

conservation

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15
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view.

A

Egocentrism

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16
Q

People’s ideas about their own and other’s mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.

A

Theory of Mind

17
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

A

Concrete operational stage

18
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

A

Formal Operational stage

19
Q

In Vygotsky’s theory, a framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking.

20
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors.

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder

21
Q

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age.

A

Stranger Anxiety

22
Q

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation.

A

Attachment

23
Q

An optimal period early in the life of the organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development.

A

Critical Period

24
Q

The process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life.

A

Imprinting

25
According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers.
Basic Trust
26
All of our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer to the question, "Who am I?"
Self Concept
27
All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Cognition