Chapter 6b Flashcards
escape
if the response is made while the punishing stimulus is occurring
avoidance
when the operant prevents the punishing stimulus
negative reinforcement
the removal or prevention of an event or stimulus increases operant behavior and the contingency
negative reinforcer
any event or stimulus that increases operant rate by its removal or prevention
shock-shock interval (S-S)
the time between shocks
response-shock interval (R-S)
the time away from shock produced by responses
discriminated avoidance
the organism only responds when the warning signal occurs
nondiscriminated avoidance
when there is no warning stimulus this is what the contingency is called
sidman (free-operant) avoidance
when the operant delays the negative reinforcer (R–S) for a period greater than the time between shocks (S–S), conditioning is enhanced
molecular account of schedule performance
moment to moment time between shocks
molar account of schedule performance
overall reduction in shock frequency
learned helplessness
an animal is first exposed repeatedly to inescapable and severe, aversive stimuli, and eventually, the animal gives up and stops attempting to avoid or escape the situation because nothing works
operant aggression
one way to escape punishment is to eliminate or neutralize the person or source who is delivering it
goal directed behavior which allows the aggressor to obtain something desirable or escape or avoid something undesirable.
social disruption
refers to a negative side effect of punishment in which the person who delivers punishment and the context become conditioned aversive stimuli. Individuals will attempt to escape from or avoid the punishing person or setting.
coercion
the use of punishment and the threat of punishment to get others to act as we would like and our practice of rewarding people just by letting them escape from our punishments and threats
