Chapter 4c

Question 1

repertoire

Answer 1

the behavior it is capable of naturally emitting on the basis of species and environmental history

Question 2

shaping

Answer 2

can be used to establish a response after a baseline period of observation that shows an operant level of 0

Question 3

successive approximations

Answer 3

reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the final performance

Question 4

behavior variability

Answer 4

the animals tendency to emit variations in response form in a given situation

closely related to the animals capabilities based on genetic endowment, degree of neuroplasticity, and previous interactions with the environment

Question 5

ontogenetic selection

Answer 5

differential reinforcement

Question 6

cumulative recorder

Answer 6

a commonly used lab instrument that records the frequency of operant behavior in time

Question 7

cumulative record

Answer 7

a real time measure of the rate of operant behavior

Question 8

ad libitum weight

Answer 8

free feeding weight of the animal

Question 9

extinction

Answer 9

the procedure of withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced response

Question 10

extinction burst

Answer 10

an initial increase in the rate of response that occurs when reinforcement is first withdrawn

Question 11

operant variability

Answer 11

operant behavior becomes increasingly variable as extinction proceeds

Question 12

force of response

Answer 12

during reinforcement, force varied in a narrow range, but after extinction occurred the force became more variable

Question 13

response differentiation

Answer 13

a variety of responses as a result of force of response

Question 14

emotional response

Answer 14

emotional behaviors produced by extinction

a variety of emotional responses occur under conditions of extinction

Question 15

discriminated extinction

Answer 15

when a stimulus signals a period of extinction

Question 16

resistance to extinction

Answer 16

increases when operants are reinforced many times

Question 17

intermittent schedule of reinforcement

Answer 17

only some responses are reinforced

Question 18

partial reinforcement effect (PRE)

Answer 18

result of two basic processes: reinforcement and discrimination

higher the rate of reinforcement for an operant the greater the resistance to change

Question 19

reinstatement

Answer 19

the recovery of behavior when the reinforcer is presented alone after a period of extinction

Question 20

spontaneous recovery

Answer 20

after of a session of extinction the rate of response may be close to operant level

Question 21

renewal

Answer 21

the recovery of responding when the animal is removed from the extinction context