Chapter 2a Flashcards
functional analysis
classifying behavior according to its response functions and analyzing the environment in terms of stimulus functions
structural approach
behavior is categorized by age to infer stages of development
topography
the form and structure of response
topography of a response is determined by the function of the behavior
history of reinforcement
All of a person’s learning experience, especially past conditioning with respect to specific response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire
respondent
behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a stimulus that precedes the response
elicited
when a behavior reliably occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is presented
emitted
does not depend on an eliciting stimulus, based on an organisms genetic endowment.
operant
when emitted behavior is strengthened or weakened by the events that follow the response
response class
refers to all the topographic forms of the performance that have a similar function
response hierarchy
when responses within the response class tend to be emitted in a particular order based on the likelihood of occurrence
environment
events and stimuli that change behavior
stimulus function
when the occurrence of an event changes the behavior of an organism
conditioned-stimulus function
when an arbitrary event is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to eventually elicit a behavior independently
reinforcement function
any stimulus or event that follows a response and increases its frequency
discriminative function
when an organisms behavior is reinforced, the events that precede responses have a __________
sets the occasion for behavior because the operant is more likely when the event occurs
discriminative stimuli (Sd)
events, settings, and situations that precede operant behavior and increase its probability
stimulus class
when stimuli vary across a physical dimension, but have common effects on behavior
positive reinforcers
those events that increase behavior when presented
negative reinforcers
those that increase behavior when removed
context of behavior
refers to the fact that environment-behavior relationships are always conditional-depending on other circumstances
establishing operation (EO)
any environmental change that had two major effects: increased the momentary effectiveness of reinforcement supporting operant behavior and the responses that had in the past produced such reinforcement
abolishing operation (AO)
decreases the effectiveness of behavioral consequences and momentarily reduces behavior that has resulted in those consequences in the past
motivational operation (MO)
any event that alters the reinforcement effectiveness of behavioral consequences and changes the frequency of behavior maintained by those consequences
