Chapter 2a

Question 1

functional analysis

Answer 1

classifying behavior according to its response functions and analyzing the environment in terms of stimulus functions

Question 2

structural approach

Answer 2

behavior is categorized by age to infer stages of development

Question 3

topography

Answer 3

the form and structure of response

topography of a response is determined by the function of the behavior

Question 4

history of reinforcement

Answer 4

All of a person’s learning experience, especially past conditioning with respect to specific response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire

Question 5

respondent

Answer 5

behavior that increases or decreases by the presentation of a stimulus that precedes the response

Question 6

elicited

Answer 6

when a behavior reliably occurs when the unconditioned stimulus is presented

Question 7

emitted

Answer 7

does not depend on an eliciting stimulus, based on an organisms genetic endowment.

Question 8

operant

Answer 8

when emitted behavior is strengthened or weakened by the events that follow the response

Question 9

response class

Answer 9

refers to all the topographic forms of the performance that have a similar function

Question 10

response hierarchy

Answer 10

when responses within the response class tend to be emitted in a particular order based on the likelihood of occurrence

Question 11

environment

Answer 11

events and stimuli that change behavior

Question 12

stimulus function

Answer 12

when the occurrence of an event changes the behavior of an organism

Question 13

conditioned-stimulus function

Answer 13

when an arbitrary event is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to eventually elicit a behavior independently

Question 14

reinforcement function

Answer 14

any stimulus or event that follows a response and increases its frequency

Question 15

discriminative function

Answer 15

when an organisms behavior is reinforced, the events that precede responses have a __________

sets the occasion for behavior because the operant is more likely when the event occurs

Question 16

discriminative stimuli (Sd)

Answer 16

events, settings, and situations that precede operant behavior and increase its probability

Question 17

stimulus class

Answer 17

when stimuli vary across a physical dimension, but have common effects on behavior

Question 18

positive reinforcers

Answer 18

those events that increase behavior when presented

Question 19

negative reinforcers

Answer 19

those that increase behavior when removed

Question 20

context of behavior

Answer 20

refers to the fact that environment-behavior relationships are always conditional-depending on other circumstances

Question 21

establishing operation (EO)

Answer 21

any environmental change that had two major effects: increased the momentary effectiveness of reinforcement supporting operant behavior and the responses that had in the past produced such reinforcement

Question 22

abolishing operation (AO)

Answer 22

decreases the effectiveness of behavioral consequences and momentarily reduces behavior that has resulted in those consequences in the past

Question 23

motivational operation (MO)

Answer 23

any event that alters the reinforcement effectiveness of behavioral consequences and changes the frequency of behavior maintained by those consequences