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A & P I > Chapter 6 REVIEW > Flashcards

Chapter 6 REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells participate in the process of Bone Deposition?

A

OSTEOBLASTS

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2
Q

In bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the ?

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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3
Q

All of the following components are associated with the Organic Matrix EXCEPT?

A

HYDROXYAPATITE

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4
Q

Bone Deposition is performed by ___, whereas Bone Resorption is performed by?

A

OSTEOBLASTS;OSTEOCLASTS

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5
Q

Bones that are roughly cubed-shaped are classified as___bones

A

SHORT

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6
Q

The Skull & Clavicle form through_______

A

INTRAMEMBRANEOUS OSSIFICATION

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7
Q

If the ____ is destroyed, bone would become flexible and unable to resist compression?

A

INORGANIC MATRIX

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8
Q

The Innermost surface of bone has a lining known as the ___

A

ENDOSTEUM

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9
Q

Damage to the _____ in a long bone of a young person might cause the bone not to lengthen properly ?

A

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

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10
Q

Spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone?

A

IS COMPOSED OF TRABECULAE THAT ARE ORIENTED ALONG LINES OF STRESS

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11
Q

Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as?

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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12
Q

Severe anemia may trigger Ana adaptive conversion of _____

A

YELLOW MARROW TO RED MARROW

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13
Q

_____ allows for the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and small substances to and from Osteocytes trapped within Lacunae.

A

CANALCULI

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14
Q

____produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix

A

OSTEOBLASTS

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15
Q

The structural units of mature compact bone are called?

A

OSTEONS

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16
Q

What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during Endochondral Ossification?

A

HYALINE CARTILAGE

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17
Q

Osteoblasts become surrounded by the ECM and become trapped within a_____

A

LACUNA

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18
Q

Bone is considered an Important storage reservoir for_____

A

CALCIUM,PHOSPHATE, and LIPIDS

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19
Q

Which canals connect Lacunae together ?

A

CANALCULI

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20
Q

The main minerals bone stores are _____

A

CALCIUM & PHOSPHATE

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21
Q

Boners located within a tendon are classified as ____ bones.

A

SESAMOID

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22
Q

The main central shaft of a long bone is called the ____

A

DIAPHYSIS

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23
Q

What structure allows the Diaphysis of the bone to increase in length ?

A

EPIPHYSEAL PLATE

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24
Q

_____forms bone from within a model of Hyaline Cartilage

A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

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25
Q

Whose Bone Marrow is mostly Red?

A

INFANTS

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26
Q

The Secondary Ossification center in a Long Bone is located at the ____

A

EPIPHYSIS

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27
Q

____ is the Internal layer of Spongy Bone in Flat Bones.

A

DIPLOE

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28
Q

Thin, Broad Bones are classified as___

A

FLAT BONES

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29
Q

_____ Is the process of Bone Formation.

A

OSSIFICATION

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30
Q

All the following events occur during Intramembraneous Ossification EXCEPT

A

ENLARGEMENT OF THE MEDULLARY CAVITY

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31
Q

Which of the following structures persists for life?

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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32
Q

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following Cells accomplishes this process ?

A

OSTEOCLAST

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33
Q

The ____ is the enlarged, rounded end of a Long Bone

A

EPIPHYSIS

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34
Q

Bone cells that are surrounded by Bone Matrix and are located with Lacunae are____

A

OSTEOCYTES

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35
Q

When considering the classification of Bones, which Bones are used primarily for Movement rather than Protection?

A

LONG BONES

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36
Q

Bones perform all the following functions EXCEPT?

A

GENERATE IMPULSES

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37
Q

Correctly order the following Key Steps in the process of Endochondral Ossification

A
  • 3,5,2,1,4*
    3. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels
    5. Perichondrium cells differentiate into Osteogenic Cells then into Osteoblasts
    2. Osteoblasts build the Bone Collar on the External surface of the Bone
    1. Chondrocytes die
    4. In the Primary Ossification Center, Osteoblasts replace Calcified Cartilage with early Spongy Bone
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38
Q

Which type of cell forms the Medullary Cavity in a Fetal Bone and removes excess bone at a Fracture site?

A

OSTEOCLAST

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39
Q

The Canal that runs through the core of each Osteon is the site of _____

A

BLOOD VESSELS & NERVE FIBERS

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40
Q

The function of Yellow Bone Marrow is ____

A

TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE

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41
Q

Spongy Bone is made up of a branching framework called____

A

TRABECULAE

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42
Q

Primary Ossification centers develop in Long Bones in the ____

A

DIAPHYSIS

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43
Q

____ run perpendicular to the Osteons.

A

PERFORATING CANALS

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44
Q

Which sequence is correct for the development of Mature Bone Cells?

A

OSTEOGENIC CELLS —> OSTEOBLASTS—>OSTEOCYTES

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45
Q

All of the following Bones are formed by Intramembraneous Ossification EXCEPT the ?

A

FEMUR

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46
Q

Bone Resorption requires the activity of ____

A

OSTEOCLASTS

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47
Q

Which Vitamin is important for the Synthesis of Collagen?

A

VITAMIN C

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48
Q

A patient shows up in the Emergency Department with the end of the Bone protruding through the Skin. What type of Fracture does he have?

A

COMPOUND FRACTURE

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49
Q

For a person who starts running for exercise, _____

A

BONE DEPOSITION EXCEEDS BONE RESORPTION

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50
Q

All of the following factors will affect Osteoblast & Osteoclast activity EXCEPT:

A

YELLOW BONE MARROW

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51
Q

If a break occurs in the Shaft of a Thigh Bone, what part of the Bone has been broken ?

A

DIAPHYSIS

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52
Q

Which of the following statements about Bone Remodeling is FALSE?

A

IT OCCURS ONLY AT THE ARTICULAR SURFACE

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53
Q

Bone Growth and Remodeling depends on adequate intake of ___

A

CALCIUM, VITAMIN C, and VITAMIN K

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54
Q

A Greenstick Fracture occurs primarily in _____

A

CHILDREN

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55
Q

When blood calcium levels rise above normal, Osteoclast activity is Inhibited by the hormone_____

A

CALCITONIN

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56
Q

Within the Epiphyseal Plate, which Zone houses actively dividing Cartilage Cells in their Lacunae?

A

ZONE OF PROLIFERATION

57
Q

The thickness of Bones increase as an Individual grows into Adulthood by _____

A

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

58
Q

Which of the following factors promotes Bone Resorption?

A

PRESSURE

59
Q

Appositional Growth produces______

A

GROWTH IN WIDTH

60
Q

Bone lengthens by___growth and thickens by ___growth

A

LONGITUDINAL; APPOSITIONAL

61
Q

When the Cartilage at the Epiphyseal Plate stops dividing, the bony structure that forms is known as the ____

A

EPIPHYSEAL LINE

62
Q

A____Fracture results when the bone is shattered into multiple fragments

A

COMMINUTED

63
Q

Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during Fracture Healing?

A

HEMATOMA FORMS->SOFT CALLUS FORMS->HARD CALLUS FORMS->REMODELING OCCURS

64
Q

Increasing mechanical stress will cause Bone to become stronger by _____

A

INCREASING DEPOSITION OF MINERAL SALTS

65
Q

How long does Bone Repair generally take?

A

6 WEEKS

66
Q

Bone Remodeling involves all of the following factors EXCEPT?

A

INTRAMEMBRANEOUS & ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

67
Q

During Bone Repair, the Bony Callus may last up to ____

A

3-4 MONTHS

68
Q

Out of the numerous factors that influence Bone Growth and Remodeling, ___ do (does) not.

A

THE AMOUNT OF FIBROCARTILAGE AVAILABLE

69
Q

What type of Bone Growth do you think a 40-year old male experiences?

A

APPOSITIONAL GROWTH

70
Q

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of Osteoclasts?

A

PTH or PARATHYROID HORMONE

71
Q

The stacked Chondrocytes undergo rapid cel division within the ?

A

ZONE OF PROLIFERATION

72
Q

Which hormone, produced by Thyroid Gland, works opposite to Parathyroid Hormone?

A

CALCITONIN

73
Q

Which of the following organs DOES NOT directly regulate blood calcium concentration in response to PTH?

A

LIVER

74
Q

As a result of males producing more testosterone at puberty, _____

A

APPOSITIONAL BONE GROWTH INCREASES

75
Q

Which of the following hormones inhibits Bone Growth?

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

76
Q

True/False: Bone Deposition exceeds Bone Resorption when Bones are stressed through Compression or Tension

A

TRUE

77
Q

Which of the following does NOT correctly depict the effects of Parathyroid Hormone PTH?

A

PTH DECREASES BLOOD CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION

78
Q

The small, fluid filled cavity occupied by an Osteocyte is called a(n)?

A

LACUNA

79
Q

True/False: All bone growth completely stops by the end of adolescence

A

FALSE

80
Q

What cells contribute to the process of calcification during Intramembranous Ossification?

A

KERATINOCYTES

81
Q

Which statement best describes Primary Bone?

A

PRIMARY BONE CONTAINS ABUNDANT OSTEOCYTES AND LITTLE INORGANIC MATRIX

82
Q

The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of Bone is?

A

COMPACT BONE

83
Q

Which dietary requirement for bone health can be made in response to skin exposure to UV light?

A

VITAMIN D

84
Q

What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of Osteoclasts ?

A

PTH

85
Q

What stimulates the release of PTH?

A

LOW BLOOD CALCIUM ION LEVELS

86
Q

What accounts for the majority of bone (Osseous) tissue matrix ?

A

CALCIUM SALTS

87
Q

A radiograph reveals Epiphyseal Lines in the long bones of a 12 year olds hand

A

THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATES HAVE OSSIFIED, and FURTHER GROWTH IN LENGTH IS NOT POSSIBLE

88
Q

Bones with a Diaphysis & Epiphyses are classified as:

A

LONG BONES

89
Q

Cells that develop into Osteoblasts are called:

A

OSTEOGENIC CELLS

90
Q

Bones that are constantly undergoing resorption for reason, which of the following cells accomplishes this process?

A

OSTEOCLASTS

91
Q

What is the last process to occur in the Epiphyseal Plate of a Long Bone?

A

ZONE OF OSSIFICATION

92
Q

How long does a bone repair take ?

A

6-8 WEEKS

93
Q

The structural units of Mature Compact Bone are called:

A

OSTEONS

94
Q

Intramembranous Ossifications occurs in :

A

SKULL BONES

95
Q

True/False: The Epiphyseal Plate is a layer of Compact Bone from which Longitudinal Growth occurs ?

A

FALSE

96
Q

Secondary Ossification centers are characteristics of :

A

ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

97
Q

Why is Articular Cartilage an important part of Long Bone structure ?

A

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IS THE SIT OF LENGTHWISE GROWTH IN YOUNG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

98
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the Skeletal System?

A

VITAMIN STORAGE AND FLUID HOMEOSTASIS

99
Q

Bones located within tendons, such as Patella, are called____

A

SESAMOID BONES

100
Q

Which of the following functions is associated with the skeletal system ?

A

MOVEMENT

101
Q

What is the function of Red Bone Marrow?

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

102
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a Congenital Bone disease caused bu a Collagen deficiency. What is a symptom ?

A

BRITTLE BONES

103
Q

The large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called____

A

OSTEOCLASTS

104
Q

Small cavities that are located between Lamellae and contain Osteocytes are called____

A

LACUNAE

105
Q

The major organic component of bone ECM is ____

A

COLLAGEN

106
Q

Bone cells that are found in the Endosteum and Periosteum and also builds new bone matrix is called ____

A

OSTEOBLASTS

107
Q

The type of bone that has fully formed Lamellae with regularly arranged collagen bundles and a higher percentage of Inorganic matrix is classified as____

A

SECONDARY BONE

108
Q

Which of the following events does NOT happen during Endochondral Ossification ?

A

MESENCHYMAL CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO OSTEOBLASTS

109
Q

Predict the effect of growth hormone deficiency during childhood

A

SHORT STATURE

110
Q

Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth ?

A

PARATHYROID HORMONE

111
Q

Bone deposition involves _____

A

CALCIFICATION

112
Q

Which of the following is NOT a dietary factor that influences bone remodeling ?

A

TESTORTERONE

113
Q

What is the Last step in Bone Fracture Repair ?

A

THE BONE CALLUS IS REMODELED AND PRIMARY BONE IS REPLACED WITH SECONDARY BONE

114
Q

The hormone Calcitonin causes an Increase in____

A

BONE DEPOSITION

115
Q

Which muscle tissues attaches to bone?

A

SKELETAL

116
Q

Which tissue contains only ONE of the protein fibers associated with Connective Tissue ?

A

RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

117
Q

Which muscle tissue is responsible for contractions of the stomach ?

A

SMOOTH

118
Q

Which tissue is best suited for transport of gases between the blood and the body’s tissues?

A

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

119
Q

Which muscle tissue has short, branching cells ?

A

CARDIAC

120
Q

Loose Connective Tissue Proper

A

FIBROBLASTS, MACROPHAGES, and MAST CELLS

121
Q

What is the primary cell type found in ligaments?

A

FIBROBLAST

122
Q

Which muscle tissue contains myofilaments ?

A

SMOOTH, SKELETAL, and CARDIAC

123
Q

Three shapes of Epithelial Cells

A

SQUAMOUS, CUBOIDAL, and COLUMNAR

124
Q

Subcategories of Connective Tissue Proper

A

LOOSE CONNECTIVE, DENSE CONNECTIVE, RETICULAR CONNECTIVE, and ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE

125
Q

3 Cartilage Types

A

HYALINE, ELASTIC, and FIBROCARTILAGE

126
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

127
Q

Blood

A

TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND HORMONES

128
Q

Cartilage

A

CONTAINS CHONDROCYTES

129
Q

Bone

A

STORES MINERALS

130
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

RANDOM ARRANGEMENT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS

131
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

CUSHIONS AND INSULATES

132
Q

Which connective tissue resists unidirectional stress?

A

DENSE REGULAR

133
Q

How do the 3 types of Cartilage differ from each other ?

A

QUANTITY OF THE THREE FIBER TYPES IS DIFFERENT IN THE THREE CARTILAGES

134
Q

Which cell type is commonly found in Connective Tissue Proper

A

FIBROBLASTS

135
Q

3 types of Muscle Tissue

A

SKELETAL, CARDIAC, and SMOOTH

136
Q

Which muscle tissue type contains multinucleate cells ?

A

SKELETAL ONLY

137
Q

Which tissue type is responsible for propelling food along digestive tract ?

A

MUSCLE

138
Q

Which tissue is responsible for storing both fats and minerals ?

A

CONNECTIVE

139
Q

Which tissue type is responsible for absorption and secretion of substances ?

A

EPITHELIAL

A & P I (14 decks)

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