Chapter 6 REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
Which cells participate in the process of Bone Deposition?
A
OSTEOBLASTS
2
Q
In bones that have ceased to grow in length, the only cartilage that remains is the ?
A
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
3
Q
All of the following components are associated with the Organic Matrix EXCEPT?
A
HYDROXYAPATITE
4
Q
Bone Deposition is performed by ___, whereas Bone Resorption is performed by?
A
OSTEOBLASTS;OSTEOCLASTS
5
Q
Bones that are roughly cubed-shaped are classified as___bones
A
SHORT
6
Q
The Skull & Clavicle form through_______
A
INTRAMEMBRANEOUS OSSIFICATION
7
Q
If the ____ is destroyed, bone would become flexible and unable to resist compression?
A
INORGANIC MATRIX
8
Q
The Innermost surface of bone has a lining known as the ___
A
ENDOSTEUM
9
Q
Damage to the _____ in a long bone of a young person might cause the bone not to lengthen properly ?
A
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
10
Q
Spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone?
A
IS COMPOSED OF TRABECULAE THAT ARE ORIENTED ALONG LINES OF STRESS
11
Q
Blood cells are made in the red bone marrow of bones, a process known as?
A
HEMATOPOIESIS
12
Q
Severe anemia may trigger Ana adaptive conversion of _____
A
YELLOW MARROW TO RED MARROW
13
Q
_____ allows for the passage of oxygen, nutrients, and small substances to and from Osteocytes trapped within Lacunae.
A
CANALCULI
14
Q
____produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix
A
OSTEOBLASTS
15
Q
The structural units of mature compact bone are called?
A
OSTEONS
16
Q
What tissue serves as the model for bones formed during Endochondral Ossification?
A
HYALINE CARTILAGE
17
Q
Osteoblasts become surrounded by the ECM and become trapped within a_____
A
LACUNA
18
Q
Bone is considered an Important storage reservoir for_____
A
CALCIUM,PHOSPHATE, and LIPIDS
19
Q
Which canals connect Lacunae together ?
A
CANALCULI
20
Q
The main minerals bone stores are _____
A
CALCIUM & PHOSPHATE
21
Q
Boners located within a tendon are classified as ____ bones.
A
SESAMOID
22
Q
The main central shaft of a long bone is called the ____
A
DIAPHYSIS
23
Q
What structure allows the Diaphysis of the bone to increase in length ?
A
EPIPHYSEAL PLATE
24
Q
_____forms bone from within a model of Hyaline Cartilage
A
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
25
Whose Bone Marrow is mostly Red?
INFANTS
26
The Secondary Ossification center in a Long Bone is located at the ____
EPIPHYSIS
27
____ is the Internal layer of Spongy Bone in Flat Bones.
DIPLOE
28
Thin, Broad Bones are classified as___
FLAT BONES
29
_____ Is the process of Bone Formation.
OSSIFICATION
30
All the following events occur during Intramembraneous Ossification EXCEPT
ENLARGEMENT OF THE MEDULLARY CAVITY
31
Which of the following structures persists for life?
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
32
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following Cells accomplishes this process ?
OSTEOCLAST
33
The ____ is the enlarged, rounded end of a Long Bone
EPIPHYSIS
34
Bone cells that are surrounded by Bone Matrix and are located with Lacunae are____
OSTEOCYTES
35
When considering the classification of Bones, which Bones are used primarily for Movement rather than Protection?
LONG BONES
36
Bones perform all the following functions EXCEPT?
GENERATE IMPULSES
37
Correctly order the following Key Steps in the process of Endochondral Ossification
* 3,5,2,1,4*
3. Perichondrium is invaded by blood vessels
5. Perichondrium cells differentiate into Osteogenic Cells then into Osteoblasts
2. Osteoblasts build the Bone Collar on the External surface of the Bone
1. Chondrocytes die
4. In the Primary Ossification Center, Osteoblasts replace Calcified Cartilage with early Spongy Bone
38
Which type of cell forms the Medullary Cavity in a Fetal Bone and removes excess bone at a Fracture site?
OSTEOCLAST
39
The Canal that runs through the core of each Osteon is the site of _____
BLOOD VESSELS & NERVE FIBERS
40
The function of Yellow Bone Marrow is ____
TRIGLYCERIDE STORAGE
41
Spongy Bone is made up of a branching framework called____
TRABECULAE
42
Primary Ossification centers develop in Long Bones in the ____
DIAPHYSIS
43
____ run perpendicular to the Osteons.
PERFORATING CANALS
44
Which sequence is correct for the development of Mature Bone Cells?
OSTEOGENIC CELLS —> OSTEOBLASTS—>OSTEOCYTES
45
All of the following Bones are formed by Intramembraneous Ossification EXCEPT the ?
FEMUR
46
Bone Resorption requires the activity of ____
OSTEOCLASTS
47
Which Vitamin is important for the Synthesis of Collagen?
VITAMIN C
48
A patient shows up in the Emergency Department with the end of the Bone protruding through the Skin. What type of Fracture does he have?
COMPOUND FRACTURE
49
For a person who starts running for exercise, _____
BONE DEPOSITION EXCEEDS BONE RESORPTION
50
All of the following factors will affect Osteoblast & Osteoclast activity EXCEPT:
YELLOW BONE MARROW
51
If a break occurs in the Shaft of a Thigh Bone, what part of the Bone has been broken ?
DIAPHYSIS
52
Which of the following statements about Bone Remodeling is FALSE?
IT OCCURS ONLY AT THE ARTICULAR SURFACE
53
Bone Growth and Remodeling depends on adequate intake of ___
CALCIUM, VITAMIN C, and VITAMIN K
54
A Greenstick Fracture occurs primarily in _____
CHILDREN
55
When blood calcium levels rise above normal, Osteoclast activity is Inhibited by the hormone_____
CALCITONIN
56
Within the Epiphyseal Plate, which Zone houses actively dividing Cartilage Cells in their Lacunae?
ZONE OF PROLIFERATION
57
The thickness of Bones increase as an Individual grows into Adulthood by _____
APPOSITIONAL GROWTH
58
Which of the following factors promotes Bone Resorption?
PRESSURE
59
Appositional Growth produces______
GROWTH IN WIDTH
60
Bone lengthens by___growth and thickens by ___growth
LONGITUDINAL; APPOSITIONAL
61
When the Cartilage at the Epiphyseal Plate stops dividing, the bony structure that forms is known as the ____
EPIPHYSEAL LINE
62
A____Fracture results when the bone is shattered into multiple fragments
COMMINUTED
63
Which of the following sequences correctly lists the order of events that occur during Fracture Healing?
HEMATOMA FORMS->SOFT CALLUS FORMS->HARD CALLUS FORMS->REMODELING OCCURS
64
Increasing mechanical stress will cause Bone to become stronger by _____
INCREASING DEPOSITION OF MINERAL SALTS
65
How long does Bone Repair generally take?
6 WEEKS
66
Bone Remodeling involves all of the following factors EXCEPT?
INTRAMEMBRANEOUS & ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
67
During Bone Repair, the Bony Callus may last up to ____
3-4 MONTHS
68
Out of the numerous factors that influence Bone Growth and Remodeling, ___ do (does) not.
THE AMOUNT OF FIBROCARTILAGE AVAILABLE
69
What type of Bone Growth do you think a 40-year old male experiences?
APPOSITIONAL GROWTH
70
What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of Osteoclasts?
PTH or PARATHYROID HORMONE
71
The stacked Chondrocytes undergo rapid cel division within the ?
ZONE OF PROLIFERATION
72
Which hormone, produced by Thyroid Gland, works opposite to Parathyroid Hormone?
CALCITONIN
73
Which of the following organs DOES NOT directly regulate blood calcium concentration in response to PTH?
LIVER
74
As a result of males producing more testosterone at puberty, _____
APPOSITIONAL BONE GROWTH INCREASES
75
Which of the following hormones inhibits Bone Growth?
PARATHYROID HORMONE
76
True/False: Bone Deposition exceeds Bone Resorption when Bones are stressed through Compression or Tension
TRUE
77
Which of the following does NOT correctly depict the effects of Parathyroid Hormone PTH?
PTH DECREASES BLOOD CALCIUM ION CONCENTRATION
78
The small, fluid filled cavity occupied by an Osteocyte is called a(n)?
LACUNA
79
True/False: All bone growth completely stops by the end of adolescence
FALSE
80
What cells contribute to the process of calcification during Intramembranous Ossification?
KERATINOCYTES
81
Which statement best describes Primary Bone?
PRIMARY BONE CONTAINS ABUNDANT OSTEOCYTES AND LITTLE INORGANIC MATRIX
82
The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of Bone is?
COMPACT BONE
83
Which dietary requirement for bone health can be made in response to skin exposure to UV light?
VITAMIN D
84
What hormone promotes an increase in the activity of Osteoclasts ?
PTH
85
What stimulates the release of PTH?
LOW BLOOD CALCIUM ION LEVELS
86
What accounts for the majority of bone (Osseous) tissue matrix ?
CALCIUM SALTS
87
A radiograph reveals Epiphyseal Lines in the long bones of a 12 year olds hand
THE EPIPHYSEAL PLATES HAVE OSSIFIED, and FURTHER GROWTH IN LENGTH IS NOT POSSIBLE
88
Bones with a Diaphysis & Epiphyses are classified as:
LONG BONES
89
Cells that develop into Osteoblasts are called:
OSTEOGENIC CELLS
90
Bones that are constantly undergoing resorption for reason, which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
OSTEOCLASTS
91
What is the last process to occur in the Epiphyseal Plate of a Long Bone?
ZONE OF OSSIFICATION
92
How long does a bone repair take ?
6-8 WEEKS
93
The structural units of Mature Compact Bone are called:
OSTEONS
94
Intramembranous Ossifications occurs in :
SKULL BONES
95
True/False: The Epiphyseal Plate is a layer of Compact Bone from which Longitudinal Growth occurs ?
FALSE
96
Secondary Ossification centers are characteristics of :
ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
97
Why is Articular Cartilage an important part of Long Bone structure ?
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IS THE SIT OF LENGTHWISE GROWTH IN YOUNG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
98
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of the Skeletal System?
VITAMIN STORAGE AND FLUID HOMEOSTASIS
99
Bones located within tendons, such as Patella, are called____
SESAMOID BONES
100
Which of the following functions is associated with the skeletal system ?
MOVEMENT
101
What is the function of Red Bone Marrow?
HEMATOPOIESIS
102
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a Congenital Bone disease caused bu a Collagen deficiency. What is a symptom ?
BRITTLE BONES
103
The large, multinucleated cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called____
OSTEOCLASTS
104
Small cavities that are located between Lamellae and contain Osteocytes are called____
LACUNAE
105
The major organic component of bone ECM is ____
COLLAGEN
106
Bone cells that are found in the Endosteum and Periosteum and also builds new bone matrix is called ____
OSTEOBLASTS
107
The type of bone that has fully formed Lamellae with regularly arranged collagen bundles and a higher percentage of Inorganic matrix is classified as____
SECONDARY BONE
108
Which of the following events does NOT happen during Endochondral Ossification ?
MESENCHYMAL CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO OSTEOBLASTS
109
Predict the effect of growth hormone deficiency during childhood
SHORT STATURE
110
Which of the following hormones does NOT cause bone growth ?
PARATHYROID HORMONE
111
Bone deposition involves _____
CALCIFICATION
112
Which of the following is NOT a dietary factor that influences bone remodeling ?
TESTORTERONE
113
What is the Last step in Bone Fracture Repair ?
THE BONE CALLUS IS REMODELED AND PRIMARY BONE IS REPLACED WITH SECONDARY BONE
114
The hormone Calcitonin causes an Increase in____
BONE DEPOSITION
115
Which muscle tissues attaches to bone?
SKELETAL
116
Which tissue contains only ONE of the protein fibers associated with Connective Tissue ?
RETICULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
117
Which muscle tissue is responsible for contractions of the stomach ?
SMOOTH
118
Which tissue is best suited for transport of gases between the blood and the body’s tissues?
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
119
Which muscle tissue has short, branching cells ?
CARDIAC
120
Loose Connective Tissue Proper
FIBROBLASTS, MACROPHAGES, and MAST CELLS
121
What is the primary cell type found in ligaments?
FIBROBLAST
122
Which muscle tissue contains myofilaments ?
SMOOTH, SKELETAL, and CARDIAC
123
Three shapes of Epithelial Cells
SQUAMOUS, CUBOIDAL, and COLUMNAR
124
Subcategories of Connective Tissue Proper
LOOSE CONNECTIVE, DENSE CONNECTIVE, RETICULAR CONNECTIVE, and ADIPOSE CONNECTIVE
125
3 Cartilage Types
HYALINE, ELASTIC, and FIBROCARTILAGE
126
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
PARALLEL ARRANGEMENT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
127
Blood
TRANSPORTS OXYGEN AND HORMONES
128
Cartilage
CONTAINS CHONDROCYTES
129
Bone
STORES MINERALS
130
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
RANDOM ARRANGEMENT OF COLLAGEN FIBERS
131
Adipose Tissue
CUSHIONS AND INSULATES
132
Which connective tissue resists unidirectional stress?
DENSE REGULAR
133
How do the 3 types of Cartilage differ from each other ?
QUANTITY OF THE THREE FIBER TYPES IS DIFFERENT IN THE THREE CARTILAGES
134
Which cell type is commonly found in Connective Tissue Proper
FIBROBLASTS
135
3 types of Muscle Tissue
SKELETAL, CARDIAC, and SMOOTH
136
Which muscle tissue type contains multinucleate cells ?
SKELETAL ONLY
137
Which tissue type is responsible for propelling food along digestive tract ?
MUSCLE
138
Which tissue is responsible for storing both fats and minerals ?
CONNECTIVE
139
Which tissue type is responsible for absorption and secretion of substances ?
EPITHELIAL
