Chapter 3 REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
According to the Cell Theory, which statement is Incorrect ?
A
ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE CELLS
2
Q
When your upper arm muscle contracts, what is producing the movement ?
A
PROTEINS WITHIN CELLS OF THE BICEP BRACHII SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER LENGTHWISE
3
Q
Which is NOT one of the three major components of a typical Eukaryotic Cell?
A
RIBOSOMES
4
Q
Which part of the cell structure acts as the digestive system of cell, breaking down materials ?
A
LYSOSOME
5
Q
Where in a Eukaryotic Cell would you find genes ?
A
IN THE DNA WITHIN CELLS NUCLEUS
6
Q
True/False : Cells join together to form organelles, which forms our organs and organ systems
A
FALSE
7
Q
What is the main component of the cell membrane ?
A
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
8
Q
Which is a characteristic of the cell membrane ?
A
SEMIPERMEABLE
9
Q
What function is NOT a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?
A
FORMING THE ENTIRE GLYCOCALYX
10
Q
Which part of the cell membrane is usually in contact with Interstitial fluid ?
A
PHOSPHATE HEADS OF A PHOSPHOLIPID
11
Q
Which solute would move the fastest?
A
SODIUM CHLORIDE
12
Q
For solutes to move by diffusion, which characteristic does NOT affect the rare across the membrane ?
A
THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF SOLUTE and THE MEMBRANE PORE SIZE
13
Q
Solutes are transported through the dialysis membrane by :
A
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
14
Q
Which membranes would sodium chloride diffuse?
A
50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, & 200 MWCO
15
Q
Diffusion is :
A
MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF [HIGH] to [LOW] CONCENTRATION
16
Q
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
A
IN FACILITATED, MOLECULES ONLY MOVE WITH THE AID OF A PROTEIN IN MEMBRANE
17
Q
What would most likely INCREASE the rate of diffusion?
A
SMALL CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
18
Q
What components are part of the Active Process ?
A
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
19
Q
What components are part of the Passive Process ?
A
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
20
Q
Simple Diffusion :
A
HIGH to LOW
*LIPIDS
21
Q
Facilitated Diffusion :
A
HIGH to LOW
*FRUCTOSE
22
Q
Osmosis :
A
*WATER
23
Q
Secondary Active Transport :
A
HIGH to LOW *Na +
LOW TO HIGH *Glucose
24
Q
Primary Active Transport :
A
HIGH to Low *Na+
LOW to HIGH * K+
25
Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% of glucose. By diffusion:
GLUCOSE WILL MOVE FROM B TO A
26
Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% glucose. By Osmosis :
WATER WILL MOVE FROM SOLUTION A TO B
27
If the ECF is more concentrated than Cytosol, then the ECF is :
HYPERTONIC
28
If the ECF is Hypotonic, the cell will:
SWELL
29
True/False : Is Na+/K+ pump a passive process ?
FALSE
30
True/False : Each single chromosome contains one single gene
FALSE
31
Each individual gene does :
CARRIES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE
32
True/False : DNA carries amino acids to the ribosome
FALSE
33
Before a cell can divide, what must occur during Interphase ?
EACH CHROMATIN FIBER IS DUPLICATED IN THE NUCLEUS
34
First to Last Steps of DNA Synthesis :
1. DNA STRANDS SEPARATE AS HELICASE UNWINDS THEM
2. ENZYME PRIMASE BUILDS RNA PRIMERS ON EXISTING DNA STRANDS
3. DNA POLYMERASE CATALYZES THE COVALENT ADDITION OF NUCLEOTIDES TO NEW DNA STRANDS
4. TWO IDENTICAL DOUBLE HELICASES
35
How many homologous chromosome pairs are present in most human cells ?
23
36
What organelle modifies polypeptides so they can fold into functional proteins ?
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
37
Where does Protein Synthesis occur ?
RIBOSOMES
38
A long, thin strand of DNA and its associated proteins are called :
CHROMATIN
39
What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles ?
LYSOSOME
40
Within nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur ?
NUCLEOLUS
41
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with Peroxisomes ?
DIGESTING WORN-OUT ORGANELLES
42
Which organelle is NOT part of the Endomembrane System ?
PEROXISOMES
43
Reactions of oxidative catabolism, occurs in the mitochondrion ONLY in the presence of :
OXYGEN
44
Before export, products made by the Endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted, and packaged by :
GOLGI APPARATUS
45
Which cellular extension can increase surface area of the plasma membrane up to 40%?
MICROVILI
46
What is the name of the long cellular extension that moves in a whiplike manner to propel a whole cell ?
FLAGELLUM
47
Which of the following functions does NOT relate to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
48
Which of the following proteins is NOT a long filament found in the cytoskeleton ?
MYOSIN
49
What protein subunits compromise microtubules ?
TUBULIN
50
Which organelle has a 2nd Inner Membrane that has folds called Cristae and a Matrix ?
MITOCHONDRION
51
Which is NOT a function associated with Intermediate Filaments within the cell?
ASSOCIATING WITH MOTOR PROTEINS TO MOVE VESICLES AND ORGANELLES THROUGHOUT THE CELL
52
The short structures located in Respiratory passages that sweep out mucus is called :
CILIA
53
_____ are tightly coiled and condensed bar like structures that separate during Anaphase
CHROMOSOMES
54
Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP, therefore muscle cells have numerous _____
MITOCHONDRION
55
Human cells that LACK centrioles CANNOT _____
DIVIDE
56
A _____ is a three-nucleotide sequence of mRNA that specifies a single amino acid
CODON
57
What tRNA anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon GUA?
CAU
58
A final mRNA transcript of 300 nucleotides would code for ____ amino acids
100
59
How many chromosomes would each daughter cell have if a cell has 24 chromosomes during G1 phase and undergoes Mitosis ?
24
60
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite poles ?
ANAPHASE
61
What process of the M phase divides the genetic material of a cell?
MITOSIS
62
The indentation that forms during telophase of mitosis is called :
CLEAVAGE FURROW
63
Cell division occurs during _____
M PHASE
64
What brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation ?
tRNA
65
During which phase of the cell cycle does the Mitotically spindle form ?
PROPHASE
66
What is the start codon sequence that initiates translation ?
AUG
67
What are the two major steps of gene expression that produce a protein from a gene ?
TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION
68
Correct order of the phases of cell cycle ?
```
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
```
69
Transcribe mRNA from DNA : 5-T A C G G T A G T-3
5-A U G C C A U C A-3
70
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription ?
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule
71
Which of the following isn’t a structure of RNA
eRNA
72
What is the non dividing state called when cells get stalled indefinitely during the cell cycle ?
G zero phase
73
Which factors is NOT an extracellular signal that regulates progression through cell cycle checkpoints ?
AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE ECF
74
Where does transcription of Genomic DNA into RNA occur ?
NUCLEUS
75
What RNA sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence A T G C C A T C G
U A C G G U A G C
76
____ join amino acids together to build a polypeptide chain during translation
PEPTIDE BONDS
77
____ is the process of cancer cells spreading to other tissues
METASTASIS
78
Active transport of solutes across the plasma membrane_____
REQUIRES CELLS TO EXPEND ENERGY (ATP)
79
Cytosol is also known as ____
ICF
| INTRACELLULAR FLUID
80
Neurotransmitters are released from secretory vesicles in neurons by a process called ___
EXOCYTOSIS
81
A blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will____
CRENATE
82
At the concentration of a cell at 3% in a dextrose solution, the solution is isotonic to the cell. If the concentration of dextrose is increase to 5%, the cell is now in_____
A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
83
A molecular machine that performs a specific function for the cell is ____
AN ORGANELLE
84
____stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes
CHOLESTEROL
85
Which is the best statement that describes the structure of the plasma membrane ?
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER SURROUNDING THE CELL
86
Ingesting cellular debris occurs in a process called ____
PHAGOCYTOSIS
87
Which function is associated with many plasma membrane proteins ?
MOLECULAR TRANSPORT THROUGH THE MEMBRANE
88
Which component is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?
ECF
89
What is transported across a membrane during Osmosis
WATER
90
The Na+/K+ pump transports_____out of the cell for every ____ moved into the cell
THREE SODIUM IONS; TWO POTASSIUM IONS
91
Where is MOST of the cells DNA?
NUCLEUS
92
The main component of Cytosol is ?
WATER
93
Simple diffusion requires _____
A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
94
Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by ____
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
95
Two types of active transport VIA vesicles are____
ENDOCYTOSIS and EXOCYTOSIS
96
Which type of membrane transport is NOT adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent ?
OSMOSIS
97
Sodium ions move across the plasma membrane through a carrier protein using no energy in ______
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
98
A 0.9% normal saline solution is often administered with intravenous medication because it is _____ to the bloodstream
ISOTONIC
99
Because both phospholipid bilateral have non polar and polar parts, they are classified as____
AMPHIPHILIC
100
_____ are channels that allow the majority of water to enter and exit the cell
AQUAPORINS
101
Which of the following transmembrane proteins does NOT transport solutes using facilitated diffusion
AQUAPORIN
102
Which is NOT one of the three major components of animal cells ?
ECF
103
Which is NOT found in the cytoplasm ?
ECF
104
Which membrane component is important for cell-cell recognition ?
GLYCOPROTEINS
105
Cholesterol in the plasma membrane ____
STABILIZES THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHEN THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES
106
Current model of the plasma membrane is called ____
FMM
| Fluid Mosaic Model
107
Which is used to export large molecules out of the cell ?
EXOCYTOSIS
108
Which membrane transport mechanisms requires ATP
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
109
What is the function of lysosomes ?
DIGEST and RECYLE DAMAGED ORGANELLES
110
Nerve cells do not have centrioles, therefore they are NOT able to _____
DIVIDE
111
Which is NOT a function associated with the cytoskeleton ?
SERVES AS THE SITE FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS SUCH AS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
112
The nucleolus ____
ASSEMBLES RIBOSOMES
113
If a cells translation machinery is impaired, the cell will be unable to ____
SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS
114
If the DNA triplet is ATC, the tRNA anticodon will be ____
AUC
115
What is NOT a phases of Interphase ?
M PHASE
116
What is true about replication ?
REPLICATION IS SEMICONSERVATIVE
117
Cytokinesis occurs with what stage ?
TELOPHASE
118
The enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand during replication is___
DNA POLYMERASE
119
The tRNA codon complementary to mRNA codon: UAC
AUG
120
If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have ?
18
121
True/False : Cells may lyse when placed into a hypertonic environment
FALSE
122
Protein Synthesis In order :
1. DNA UNCOILS FOR TRANSCRIPTION
2. mRNA IS PRODUCED IN NUCLEUS
3. mRNA MOVES TO RIBOSOME
4. RIBOSOME MOVES ALONG mRNA
5. tRNA BRINGS AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOME
6. POLYPEPTIDE IS PRODUCED
123
Before mRNA is transcribed from a gene that can be used for translation into a protein, must be :
MODIFIED TO REMOVE INTRONS, EXONS SPLICED TOGETHER, and TRANSPORTED INTO CYTOSOL
124
What component of the nucleus is composed of DNA
CHROMATIN
125
The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called ____, the same unit of mRNA is called_____, which during protein synthesis is matched by the ____ of tRNA
TRIPLET; CODON; ANTICODON
126
Which statement best describes Secondary Active Transport ?
OCCURS WHEN ONE SUBSTANCE IS COUPLED WITH THE PASSIVE TRANSPORT OF A SECOND SUBSTANCE
