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A & P I > Chapter 3 REVIEW > Flashcards

Chapter 3 REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

According to the Cell Theory, which statement is Incorrect ?

A

ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE CELLS

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2
Q

When your upper arm muscle contracts, what is producing the movement ?

A

PROTEINS WITHIN CELLS OF THE BICEP BRACHII SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER LENGTHWISE

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3
Q

Which is NOT one of the three major components of a typical Eukaryotic Cell?

A

RIBOSOMES

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4
Q

Which part of the cell structure acts as the digestive system of cell, breaking down materials ?

A

LYSOSOME

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5
Q

Where in a Eukaryotic Cell would you find genes ?

A

IN THE DNA WITHIN CELLS NUCLEUS

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6
Q

True/False : Cells join together to form organelles, which forms our organs and organ systems

A

FALSE

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7
Q

What is the main component of the cell membrane ?

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

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8
Q

Which is a characteristic of the cell membrane ?

A

SEMIPERMEABLE

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9
Q

What function is NOT a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?

A

FORMING THE ENTIRE GLYCOCALYX

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10
Q

Which part of the cell membrane is usually in contact with Interstitial fluid ?

A

PHOSPHATE HEADS OF A PHOSPHOLIPID

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11
Q

Which solute would move the fastest?

A

SODIUM CHLORIDE

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12
Q

For solutes to move by diffusion, which characteristic does NOT affect the rare across the membrane ?

A

THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF SOLUTE and THE MEMBRANE PORE SIZE

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13
Q

Solutes are transported through the dialysis membrane by :

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

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14
Q

Which membranes would sodium chloride diffuse?

A

50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, & 200 MWCO

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15
Q

Diffusion is :

A

MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF [HIGH] to [LOW] CONCENTRATION

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16
Q

What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

A

IN FACILITATED, MOLECULES ONLY MOVE WITH THE AID OF A PROTEIN IN MEMBRANE

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17
Q

What would most likely INCREASE the rate of diffusion?

A

SMALL CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

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18
Q

What components are part of the Active Process ?

A

SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS

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19
Q

What components are part of the Passive Process ?

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS

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20
Q

Simple Diffusion :

A

HIGH to LOW

*LIPIDS

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21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion :

A

HIGH to LOW

*FRUCTOSE

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22
Q

Osmosis :

A

*WATER

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23
Q

Secondary Active Transport :

A

HIGH to LOW *Na +

LOW TO HIGH *Glucose

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24
Q

Primary Active Transport :

A

HIGH to Low *Na+

LOW to HIGH * K+

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25
Q

Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% of glucose. By diffusion:

A

GLUCOSE WILL MOVE FROM B TO A

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26
Q

Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% glucose. By Osmosis :

A

WATER WILL MOVE FROM SOLUTION A TO B

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27
Q

If the ECF is more concentrated than Cytosol, then the ECF is :

A

HYPERTONIC

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28
Q

If the ECF is Hypotonic, the cell will:

A

SWELL

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29
Q

True/False : Is Na+/K+ pump a passive process ?

A

FALSE

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30
Q

True/False : Each single chromosome contains one single gene

A

FALSE

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31
Q

Each individual gene does :

A

CARRIES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE

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32
Q

True/False : DNA carries amino acids to the ribosome

A

FALSE

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33
Q

Before a cell can divide, what must occur during Interphase ?

A

EACH CHROMATIN FIBER IS DUPLICATED IN THE NUCLEUS

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34
Q

First to Last Steps of DNA Synthesis :

A
  1. DNA STRANDS SEPARATE AS HELICASE UNWINDS THEM
  2. ENZYME PRIMASE BUILDS RNA PRIMERS ON EXISTING DNA STRANDS
  3. DNA POLYMERASE CATALYZES THE COVALENT ADDITION OF NUCLEOTIDES TO NEW DNA STRANDS
  4. TWO IDENTICAL DOUBLE HELICASES
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35
Q

How many homologous chromosome pairs are present in most human cells ?

A

23

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36
Q

What organelle modifies polypeptides so they can fold into functional proteins ?

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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37
Q

Where does Protein Synthesis occur ?

A

RIBOSOMES

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38
Q

A long, thin strand of DNA and its associated proteins are called :

A

CHROMATIN

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39
Q

What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles ?

A

LYSOSOME

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40
Q

Within nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur ?

A

NUCLEOLUS

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41
Q

Which of the following functions is NOT associated with Peroxisomes ?

A

DIGESTING WORN-OUT ORGANELLES

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42
Q

Which organelle is NOT part of the Endomembrane System ?

A

PEROXISOMES

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43
Q

Reactions of oxidative catabolism, occurs in the mitochondrion ONLY in the presence of :

A

OXYGEN

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44
Q

Before export, products made by the Endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted, and packaged by :

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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45
Q

Which cellular extension can increase surface area of the plasma membrane up to 40%?

A

MICROVILI

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46
Q

What is the name of the long cellular extension that moves in a whiplike manner to propel a whole cell ?

A

FLAGELLUM

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47
Q

Which of the following functions does NOT relate to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ?

A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

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48
Q

Which of the following proteins is NOT a long filament found in the cytoskeleton ?

A

MYOSIN

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49
Q

What protein subunits compromise microtubules ?

A

TUBULIN

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50
Q

Which organelle has a 2nd Inner Membrane that has folds called Cristae and a Matrix ?

A

MITOCHONDRION

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51
Q

Which is NOT a function associated with Intermediate Filaments within the cell?

A

ASSOCIATING WITH MOTOR PROTEINS TO MOVE VESICLES AND ORGANELLES THROUGHOUT THE CELL

52
Q

The short structures located in Respiratory passages that sweep out mucus is called :

A

CILIA

53
Q

_____ are tightly coiled and condensed bar like structures that separate during Anaphase

A

CHROMOSOMES

54
Q

Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP, therefore muscle cells have numerous _____

A

MITOCHONDRION

55
Q

Human cells that LACK centrioles CANNOT _____

A

DIVIDE

56
Q

A _____ is a three-nucleotide sequence of mRNA that specifies a single amino acid

A

CODON

57
Q

What tRNA anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon GUA?

A

CAU

58
Q

A final mRNA transcript of 300 nucleotides would code for ____ amino acids

A

100

59
Q

How many chromosomes would each daughter cell have if a cell has 24 chromosomes during G1 phase and undergoes Mitosis ?

A

24

60
Q

During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite poles ?

A

ANAPHASE

61
Q

What process of the M phase divides the genetic material of a cell?

A

MITOSIS

62
Q

The indentation that forms during telophase of mitosis is called :

A

CLEAVAGE FURROW

63
Q

Cell division occurs during _____

A

M PHASE

64
Q

What brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation ?

A

tRNA

65
Q

During which phase of the cell cycle does the Mitotically spindle form ?

A

PROPHASE

66
Q

What is the start codon sequence that initiates translation ?

A

AUG

67
Q

What are the two major steps of gene expression that produce a protein from a gene ?

A

TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION

68
Q

Correct order of the phases of cell cycle ?

A 
INTERPHASE
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
69
Q

Transcribe mRNA from DNA : 5-T A C G G T A G T-3

A

5-A U G C C A U C A-3

70
Q

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription ?

A

RNA polymerase binds to the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule

71
Q

Which of the following isn’t a structure of RNA

A

eRNA

72
Q

What is the non dividing state called when cells get stalled indefinitely during the cell cycle ?

A

G zero phase

73
Q

Which factors is NOT an extracellular signal that regulates progression through cell cycle checkpoints ?

A

AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE ECF

74
Q

Where does transcription of Genomic DNA into RNA occur ?

A

NUCLEUS

75
Q

What RNA sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence A T G C C A T C G

A

U A C G G U A G C

76
Q

____ join amino acids together to build a polypeptide chain during translation

A

PEPTIDE BONDS

77
Q

____ is the process of cancer cells spreading to other tissues

A

METASTASIS

78
Q

Active transport of solutes across the plasma membrane_____

A

REQUIRES CELLS TO EXPEND ENERGY (ATP)

79
Q

Cytosol is also known as ____

A

ICF

INTRACELLULAR FLUID

80
Q

Neurotransmitters are released from secretory vesicles in neurons by a process called ___

A

EXOCYTOSIS

81
Q

A blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will____

A

CRENATE

82
Q

At the concentration of a cell at 3% in a dextrose solution, the solution is isotonic to the cell. If the concentration of dextrose is increase to 5%, the cell is now in_____

A

A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION

83
Q

A molecular machine that performs a specific function for the cell is ____

A

AN ORGANELLE

84
Q

____stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes

A

CHOLESTEROL

85
Q

Which is the best statement that describes the structure of the plasma membrane ?

A

THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER SURROUNDING THE CELL

86
Q

Ingesting cellular debris occurs in a process called ____

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

87
Q

Which function is associated with many plasma membrane proteins ?

A

MOLECULAR TRANSPORT THROUGH THE MEMBRANE

88
Q

Which component is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?

A

ECF

89
Q

What is transported across a membrane during Osmosis

A

WATER

90
Q

The Na+/K+ pump transports_____out of the cell for every ____ moved into the cell

A

THREE SODIUM IONS; TWO POTASSIUM IONS

91
Q

Where is MOST of the cells DNA?

A

NUCLEUS

92
Q

The main component of Cytosol is ?

A

WATER

93
Q

Simple diffusion requires _____

A

A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

94
Q

Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by ____

A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

95
Q

Two types of active transport VIA vesicles are____

A

ENDOCYTOSIS and EXOCYTOSIS

96
Q

Which type of membrane transport is NOT adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent ?

A

OSMOSIS

97
Q

Sodium ions move across the plasma membrane through a carrier protein using no energy in ______

A

FACILITATED DIFFUSION

98
Q

A 0.9% normal saline solution is often administered with intravenous medication because it is _____ to the bloodstream

A

ISOTONIC

99
Q

Because both phospholipid bilateral have non polar and polar parts, they are classified as____

A

AMPHIPHILIC

100
Q

_____ are channels that allow the majority of water to enter and exit the cell

A

AQUAPORINS

101
Q

Which of the following transmembrane proteins does NOT transport solutes using facilitated diffusion

A

AQUAPORIN

102
Q

Which is NOT one of the three major components of animal cells ?

A

ECF

103
Q

Which is NOT found in the cytoplasm ?

A

ECF

104
Q

Which membrane component is important for cell-cell recognition ?

A

GLYCOPROTEINS

105
Q

Cholesterol in the plasma membrane ____

A

STABILIZES THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHEN THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES

106
Q

Current model of the plasma membrane is called ____

A

FMM

Fluid Mosaic Model

107
Q

Which is used to export large molecules out of the cell ?

A

EXOCYTOSIS

108
Q

Which membrane transport mechanisms requires ATP

A

PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

109
Q

What is the function of lysosomes ?

A

DIGEST and RECYLE DAMAGED ORGANELLES

110
Q

Nerve cells do not have centrioles, therefore they are NOT able to _____

A

DIVIDE

111
Q

Which is NOT a function associated with the cytoskeleton ?

A

SERVES AS THE SITE FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS SUCH AS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

112
Q

The nucleolus ____

A

ASSEMBLES RIBOSOMES

113
Q

If a cells translation machinery is impaired, the cell will be unable to ____

A

SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS

114
Q

If the DNA triplet is ATC, the tRNA anticodon will be ____

A

AUC

115
Q

What is NOT a phases of Interphase ?

A

M PHASE

116
Q

What is true about replication ?

A

REPLICATION IS SEMICONSERVATIVE

117
Q

Cytokinesis occurs with what stage ?

A

TELOPHASE

118
Q

The enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand during replication is___

A

DNA POLYMERASE

119
Q

The tRNA codon complementary to mRNA codon: UAC

A

AUG

120
Q

If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have ?

A

18

121
Q

True/False : Cells may lyse when placed into a hypertonic environment

A

FALSE

122
Q

Protein Synthesis In order :

A
  1. DNA UNCOILS FOR TRANSCRIPTION
  2. mRNA IS PRODUCED IN NUCLEUS
  3. mRNA MOVES TO RIBOSOME
  4. RIBOSOME MOVES ALONG mRNA
  5. tRNA BRINGS AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOME
  6. POLYPEPTIDE IS PRODUCED
123
Q

Before mRNA is transcribed from a gene that can be used for translation into a protein, must be :

A

MODIFIED TO REMOVE INTRONS, EXONS SPLICED TOGETHER, and TRANSPORTED INTO CYTOSOL

124
Q

What component of the nucleus is composed of DNA

A

CHROMATIN

125
Q

The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called ____, the same unit of mRNA is called_____, which during protein synthesis is matched by the ____ of tRNA

A

TRIPLET; CODON; ANTICODON

126
Q

Which statement best describes Secondary Active Transport ?

A

OCCURS WHEN ONE SUBSTANCE IS COUPLED WITH THE PASSIVE TRANSPORT OF A SECOND SUBSTANCE

A & P I (14 decks)

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