Chapter 3 REVIEW Flashcards
According to the Cell Theory, which statement is Incorrect ?
ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF MULTIPLE CELLS
When your upper arm muscle contracts, what is producing the movement ?
PROTEINS WITHIN CELLS OF THE BICEP BRACHII SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER LENGTHWISE
Which is NOT one of the three major components of a typical Eukaryotic Cell?
RIBOSOMES
Which part of the cell structure acts as the digestive system of cell, breaking down materials ?
LYSOSOME
Where in a Eukaryotic Cell would you find genes ?
IN THE DNA WITHIN CELLS NUCLEUS
True/False : Cells join together to form organelles, which forms our organs and organ systems
FALSE
What is the main component of the cell membrane ?
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Which is a characteristic of the cell membrane ?
SEMIPERMEABLE
What function is NOT a major function of proteins in the cell membrane?
FORMING THE ENTIRE GLYCOCALYX
Which part of the cell membrane is usually in contact with Interstitial fluid ?
PHOSPHATE HEADS OF A PHOSPHOLIPID
Which solute would move the fastest?
SODIUM CHLORIDE
For solutes to move by diffusion, which characteristic does NOT affect the rare across the membrane ?
THE POTENTIAL ENERGY OF SOLUTE and THE MEMBRANE PORE SIZE
Solutes are transported through the dialysis membrane by :
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Which membranes would sodium chloride diffuse?
50 MWCO, 100 MWCO, & 200 MWCO
Diffusion is :
MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN AREA OF [HIGH] to [LOW] CONCENTRATION
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
IN FACILITATED, MOLECULES ONLY MOVE WITH THE AID OF A PROTEIN IN MEMBRANE
What would most likely INCREASE the rate of diffusion?
SMALL CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
What components are part of the Active Process ?
SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
ENDOCYTOSIS
EXOCYTOSIS
What components are part of the Passive Process ?
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
OSMOSIS
Simple Diffusion :
HIGH to LOW
*LIPIDS
Facilitated Diffusion :
HIGH to LOW
*FRUCTOSE
Osmosis :
*WATER
Secondary Active Transport :
HIGH to LOW *Na +
LOW TO HIGH *Glucose
Primary Active Transport :
HIGH to Low *Na+
LOW to HIGH * K+
Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% of glucose. By diffusion:
GLUCOSE WILL MOVE FROM B TO A
Solution A contains 1% glucose and Solution B contains 5% glucose. By Osmosis :
WATER WILL MOVE FROM SOLUTION A TO B
If the ECF is more concentrated than Cytosol, then the ECF is :
HYPERTONIC
If the ECF is Hypotonic, the cell will:
SWELL
True/False : Is Na+/K+ pump a passive process ?
FALSE
True/False : Each single chromosome contains one single gene
FALSE
Each individual gene does :
CARRIES THE INSTRUCTIONS FOR MAKING A SINGLE POLYPEPTIDE
True/False : DNA carries amino acids to the ribosome
FALSE
Before a cell can divide, what must occur during Interphase ?
EACH CHROMATIN FIBER IS DUPLICATED IN THE NUCLEUS
First to Last Steps of DNA Synthesis :
- DNA STRANDS SEPARATE AS HELICASE UNWINDS THEM
- ENZYME PRIMASE BUILDS RNA PRIMERS ON EXISTING DNA STRANDS
- DNA POLYMERASE CATALYZES THE COVALENT ADDITION OF NUCLEOTIDES TO NEW DNA STRANDS
- TWO IDENTICAL DOUBLE HELICASES
How many homologous chromosome pairs are present in most human cells ?
23
What organelle modifies polypeptides so they can fold into functional proteins ?
ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Where does Protein Synthesis occur ?
RIBOSOMES
A long, thin strand of DNA and its associated proteins are called :
CHROMATIN
What organelle degrades old, worn-out organelles ?
LYSOSOME
Within nucleus, where does ribosome assembly occur ?
NUCLEOLUS
Which of the following functions is NOT associated with Peroxisomes ?
DIGESTING WORN-OUT ORGANELLES
Which organelle is NOT part of the Endomembrane System ?
PEROXISOMES
Reactions of oxidative catabolism, occurs in the mitochondrion ONLY in the presence of :
OXYGEN
Before export, products made by the Endoplasmic reticulum are modified, sorted, and packaged by :
GOLGI APPARATUS
Which cellular extension can increase surface area of the plasma membrane up to 40%?
MICROVILI
What is the name of the long cellular extension that moves in a whiplike manner to propel a whole cell ?
FLAGELLUM
Which of the following functions does NOT relate to the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ?
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Which of the following proteins is NOT a long filament found in the cytoskeleton ?
MYOSIN
What protein subunits compromise microtubules ?
TUBULIN
Which organelle has a 2nd Inner Membrane that has folds called Cristae and a Matrix ?
MITOCHONDRION
Which is NOT a function associated with Intermediate Filaments within the cell?
ASSOCIATING WITH MOTOR PROTEINS TO MOVE VESICLES AND ORGANELLES THROUGHOUT THE CELL
The short structures located in Respiratory passages that sweep out mucus is called :
CILIA
_____ are tightly coiled and condensed bar like structures that separate during Anaphase
CHROMOSOMES
Muscle cells require an abundant amount of ATP, therefore muscle cells have numerous _____
MITOCHONDRION
Human cells that LACK centrioles CANNOT _____
DIVIDE
A _____ is a three-nucleotide sequence of mRNA that specifies a single amino acid
CODON
What tRNA anticodon is complementary to mRNA codon GUA?
CAU
A final mRNA transcript of 300 nucleotides would code for ____ amino acids
100
How many chromosomes would each daughter cell have if a cell has 24 chromosomes during G1 phase and undergoes Mitosis ?
24
During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separated and pulled to opposite poles ?
ANAPHASE
What process of the M phase divides the genetic material of a cell?
MITOSIS
The indentation that forms during telophase of mitosis is called :
CLEAVAGE FURROW
Cell division occurs during _____
M PHASE
What brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation ?
tRNA
During which phase of the cell cycle does the Mitotically spindle form ?
PROPHASE
What is the start codon sequence that initiates translation ?
AUG
What are the two major steps of gene expression that produce a protein from a gene ?
TRANSCRIPTION and TRANSLATION
Correct order of the phases of cell cycle ?
INTERPHASE PROPHASE METAPHASE ANAPHASE TELOPHASE
Transcribe mRNA from DNA : 5-T A C G G T A G T-3
5-A U G C C A U C A-3
What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription ?
RNA polymerase binds to the DNA promoter and builds an mRNA molecule
Which of the following isn’t a structure of RNA
eRNA
What is the non dividing state called when cells get stalled indefinitely during the cell cycle ?
G zero phase
Which factors is NOT an extracellular signal that regulates progression through cell cycle checkpoints ?
AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE ECF
Where does transcription of Genomic DNA into RNA occur ?
NUCLEUS
What RNA sequence is complementary to the DNA sequence A T G C C A T C G
U A C G G U A G C
____ join amino acids together to build a polypeptide chain during translation
PEPTIDE BONDS
____ is the process of cancer cells spreading to other tissues
METASTASIS
Active transport of solutes across the plasma membrane_____
REQUIRES CELLS TO EXPEND ENERGY (ATP)
Cytosol is also known as ____
ICF
INTRACELLULAR FLUID
Neurotransmitters are released from secretory vesicles in neurons by a process called ___
EXOCYTOSIS
A blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will____
CRENATE
At the concentration of a cell at 3% in a dextrose solution, the solution is isotonic to the cell. If the concentration of dextrose is increase to 5%, the cell is now in_____
A HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
A molecular machine that performs a specific function for the cell is ____
AN ORGANELLE
____stabilizes the structure of the plasma membrane when the temperature changes
CHOLESTEROL
Which is the best statement that describes the structure of the plasma membrane ?
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE IS A PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER SURROUNDING THE CELL
Ingesting cellular debris occurs in a process called ____
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Which function is associated with many plasma membrane proteins ?
MOLECULAR TRANSPORT THROUGH THE MEMBRANE
Which component is NOT one of the three main parts of a cell?
ECF
What is transported across a membrane during Osmosis
WATER
The Na+/K+ pump transports_____out of the cell for every ____ moved into the cell
THREE SODIUM IONS; TWO POTASSIUM IONS
Where is MOST of the cells DNA?
NUCLEUS
The main component of Cytosol is ?
WATER
Simple diffusion requires _____
A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Carbon dioxide is a small molecule that moves through the phospholipid bilayer with its concentration gradient by ____
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
Two types of active transport VIA vesicles are____
ENDOCYTOSIS and EXOCYTOSIS
Which type of membrane transport is NOT adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent ?
OSMOSIS
Sodium ions move across the plasma membrane through a carrier protein using no energy in ______
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
A 0.9% normal saline solution is often administered with intravenous medication because it is _____ to the bloodstream
ISOTONIC
Because both phospholipid bilateral have non polar and polar parts, they are classified as____
AMPHIPHILIC
_____ are channels that allow the majority of water to enter and exit the cell
AQUAPORINS
Which of the following transmembrane proteins does NOT transport solutes using facilitated diffusion
AQUAPORIN
Which is NOT one of the three major components of animal cells ?
ECF
Which is NOT found in the cytoplasm ?
ECF
Which membrane component is important for cell-cell recognition ?
GLYCOPROTEINS
Cholesterol in the plasma membrane ____
STABILIZES THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE WHEN THE TEMPERATURE CHANGES
Current model of the plasma membrane is called ____
FMM
Fluid Mosaic Model
Which is used to export large molecules out of the cell ?
EXOCYTOSIS
Which membrane transport mechanisms requires ATP
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is the function of lysosomes ?
DIGEST and RECYLE DAMAGED ORGANELLES
Nerve cells do not have centrioles, therefore they are NOT able to _____
DIVIDE
Which is NOT a function associated with the cytoskeleton ?
SERVES AS THE SITE FOR METABOLIC REACTIONS SUCH AS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
The nucleolus ____
ASSEMBLES RIBOSOMES
If a cells translation machinery is impaired, the cell will be unable to ____
SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS
If the DNA triplet is ATC, the tRNA anticodon will be ____
AUC
What is NOT a phases of Interphase ?
M PHASE
What is true about replication ?
REPLICATION IS SEMICONSERVATIVE
Cytokinesis occurs with what stage ?
TELOPHASE
The enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand during replication is___
DNA POLYMERASE
The tRNA codon complementary to mRNA codon: UAC
AUG
If a cell has 18 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes would each daughter cell have ?
18
True/False : Cells may lyse when placed into a hypertonic environment
FALSE
Protein Synthesis In order :
- DNA UNCOILS FOR TRANSCRIPTION
- mRNA IS PRODUCED IN NUCLEUS
- mRNA MOVES TO RIBOSOME
- RIBOSOME MOVES ALONG mRNA
- tRNA BRINGS AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOME
- POLYPEPTIDE IS PRODUCED
Before mRNA is transcribed from a gene that can be used for translation into a protein, must be :
MODIFIED TO REMOVE INTRONS, EXONS SPLICED TOGETHER, and TRANSPORTED INTO CYTOSOL
What component of the nucleus is composed of DNA
CHROMATIN
The unit of DNA that specifies a certain amino acid is called ____, the same unit of mRNA is called_____, which during protein synthesis is matched by the ____ of tRNA
TRIPLET; CODON; ANTICODON
Which statement best describes Secondary Active Transport ?
OCCURS WHEN ONE SUBSTANCE IS COUPLED WITH THE PASSIVE TRANSPORT OF A SECOND SUBSTANCE
