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A & P I > Chapter 1 REVIEW > Flashcards

Chapter 1 REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

How many electrons will be in chloride ion with a charge of -1, if chlorine has an atomic number of 17?

A

18

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2
Q

Which is NOT one of the 4 major elements of human body ?

A

CALCIUM

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3
Q

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ____

A

ISOTOPES

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4
Q

How many electrons are in the OUTERMOST shell of an atom with 15 electrons ?

A

5

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5
Q

The INNERMOST shell of an atom holds ____ electrons ?

A

2

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6
Q

A neutral atom with an atomic number of 8 and a mass of 17 has _____ protons ?

A

8

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7
Q

What predicts the element to which the atom belongs ?

A

TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS

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8
Q

The 4 elements of human body are :

A

OXYGEN
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
CARBON

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9
Q

If an atom of Iron has an atomic number of 26, how many protons will Iron have ?

A

26

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10
Q

What does the atomic number represent ?

A

PROTONS IN AN ATOM

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11
Q

What calculates the mass number ?

A

SUM OF PROTONS and NEUTRONS

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12
Q

What varies from one Isotope of an element to another Isotope of the same element ?

A

MASS NUMBER

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13
Q

Carbon-13?

A

REPRESENTS AN ISOTOPE OF CARBON WITH A MASS NUMBER OF 13

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14
Q

Which molecule contains POLAR COVALENT BONDS ?

A

H2O

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15
Q

Blood is a _____

A

SUSPENSION

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16
Q

Depending on _____ determines how likely it is to form bonds and what types of bonds it will form ?

A

VALENCE ELECTRONS

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17
Q

C2H6 :

A

NONPOLAR

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18
Q

Ion ?

A

AN ATOM THAT HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS

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19
Q

How do Ions form Ionic Bonds ?

A

IONS OF OPPOSITE ELECTRICAL CHARGES ARE ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER TO BALANCE THE CHARGES

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20
Q

Polar covalent bonds are shared_____

A

UNEQUALLY

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21
Q

Chemical bonds from STRONGEST to WEAKEST :

A

COVALENT, IONIC, and HYDROGEN

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22
Q

What distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds ?

A

HYDROGEN BONDS CAN ONLY FORM BETWEEN MOLECULES

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23
Q

Atoms that satisfy the OCTET rule are said to be :

A

INERT

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24
Q

Which atom is Inert ?

A

ATOMIC NUMBER OF 10

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25
Q

An atom has 3 electrons in the valence shell, what is the atomic number ?

A

13

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26
Q

Two or more atoms of the same element that are CHEMICALLY combined are :

A

MOLECULES

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27
Q

Na + is :

A

ION

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28
Q

N2?

A

2 NITROGEN ATOMS FORMED A MOLECULE

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29
Q

The formation of a CATION and an ANION is :

A

IONIC BOND

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30
Q

Ionic bonds result from :

A

TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM A METAL TO NONMETAL

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31
Q

What is the strongest bond ?

A

DOUBLE COVALENT

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32
Q

Which covalent bond types shares electrons EQUALLY ?

A

NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

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33
Q

What is a Dipole ?

A

POLAR MOLECULE

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34
Q

Hydrogen bonds MAY occur between :

A

POLAR MOLECULES

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35
Q

True/False : The solute dissolves the solvent ?

A

FALSE

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36
Q

True/False : An atom that has the atomic number of 13 has satisfied the octet rule and is Inert ?

A

FALSE

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37
Q

True/False : Hydrogen bonds are strong attractions between NONPOLAR covalent molecules ?

A

FALSE

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38
Q

What are the two general types of energy ?

A

POTENTIAL and KINETIC

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39
Q

A reaction where the energy of the reactants exceeds the amount of energy required for the reaction to proceed is called :

A

EXCERGONIC

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40
Q

Which factor INCREASES the reaction rate ?

A

PRESENCE OF AN ENZYME

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41
Q

True/ False : Enzymes are permanently altered in a reaction ?

A

FALSE; INCORRECT

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42
Q

The type of energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms in a large molecule is ______

A

POTENTIAL ENERGY

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43
Q

The reaction A+B—>AB is ?

A

A SYNTHESIS REACTION

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44
Q

Which reaction is important for growth and repair processes ?

A

SYNTHESIS REACTIONS

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45
Q

The process of digesting food breaks down into large food particles into smaller particles is ______

A

CATABOLIC REACTION

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46
Q

What happens in REDOX reactions ?

A

ELECTRON EXCHANGE OCCURS

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47
Q

AB+CD—>AD+BC is _____ reaction ?

A

EXCHANGE

48
Q

Which component ALSO INCREASES the rate of reaction ?

A

INCREASED REACTANT CONCENTRATION

49
Q

Which catalyst LOWERS the activation energy of a reaction ?

A

ENZYME

50
Q

Function of an Enzyme :

A

SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY

51
Q

True/False : The digestion of food is EXERGONIC since chemical bonds are broken and energy is released ?

A

TRUE

52
Q

True/False : Enzymes bind with substrates at their active sites and are permanently altered by the binding process ?

A

FALSE

53
Q

True/False: Due to low heat capacity of water, the human body is resistant to overheating and cooling down quickly ?

A

FALSE

54
Q

Water can cushion and protect the structure of the body because ?

A

IT HAS A HIGH DENSITY

55
Q

A substance that ALWAYS DONATES hydrogen ions to a solution is called _____

A

AN ACID

56
Q

The cations and anions that result when a salt dissolves is called ?

A

ELECTROLYTES

57
Q

Methane is ?

A

HYDROPHOBIC and NON-POLAR

58
Q

What is a Buffer ?

A

A CHEMICAL SYSTEN THAT RESIST CHANGES IN pH and PREVENTS LARGE SWINGS IN THE pH

59
Q

True/False : pH Buffers consist of both weak acids and weak bases ?

A

TRUE

60
Q

Water is MOST LIKELY to dissolve a solute that is :

A

HYDROPHILIC

61
Q

H represents ____ in the pH scale

A

CONCENTRATION OF H+ IONS

62
Q

Which pH represents a solution that has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions ?

A

PH of 14

63
Q

Which pH represents the STRONGEST acidic solution ?

A

pH 1

64
Q

pH range of Blood :

A

7.4

65
Q

Which 2 organ systems work to correct pH imbalances in the body ?

A

RESPIRATORY and URINARY

66
Q

What is the EFFECT a BUFFER has on a SOLUTION ?

A

SYSTEM RESIST CHANGE IN BLOOD pH

67
Q

True/False : A base is a hydrogen iron acceptor ?

A

TRUE

68
Q

The simplest sugar :

A

GLUCOSE

69
Q

Glucose and Fructose joined through dehydration synthesis produce :

A

SUCROSE

70
Q

What forms the body’s steroids ?

A

CHOLESTEROL

71
Q

Amino acids are monomers for :

A

PROTEINS

72
Q

What type of polar covalent bonds LINK amino acids ?

A

PEPTIDE BOND

73
Q

What makes RNA a unique nucleic acid ?

A

CONTAINS URACIL

74
Q

A fatty acid that contains NO double covalent bond is :

A

SATURATED

75
Q

The main structural component of a cell membrane is :

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

76
Q

The alpha helix and beat-pleated sheet are a characteristic of :

A

SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

77
Q

Which molecule is a lipid with a 4-ring hydrocarbon structure ?

A

CHOLESTEROL

78
Q

The reverse reaction tho dehydration synthesis is :

A

HYDROLYSIS

79
Q

What is NOT part of amino acids ?

A

CENTRAL OXYGEN ATOM

80
Q

What serous membrane directly contacts and surrounds the liver ?

A

VISCERAL PERITONEUM

81
Q

What are the two MAJOR methods by which cells communicate to coordinate their function ?

A

CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS

82
Q

Which serous membrane covers some abdominal organs ?

A

PERITONEUM

83
Q

What lubricates organs and reduces friction as organs move against adjacent structures ?

A

SEROUS FLUID

84
Q

True/False : Form follows function ?

A

TRUE

85
Q

What is the term used when abdominal organs are NOT located within Peritoneal cavity ?

A

RETROPERITONEAL

86
Q

What principle DRIVES blood flow from a HIGH to LOW pressure in the capillaries ?

A

A GRADIENT

87
Q

A neuron stimulating a muscle cell is an example of :

A

CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION

88
Q

What 4 MAJOR organs are housed in THORACIC CAVITY ?

A

LUNGS, HEART, ESOPHAGUS, and TRACHEA

89
Q

In which abdominopelvic quadrant is the MAJORITY of stomach located ?

A

LUQ

90
Q

What are the 2 SUBCAVITIES of the posterior body cavity ?

A

CRANIAL and VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITIES

91
Q

A cell or organ that responds to the directions of the control center in a negative feedback loop is :

A

AN EFFECTOR

92
Q

What is present when more of something exists in one area than another ?

A

A GRADIENT

93
Q

The INNERMOST serous membrane attached to the heart muscle is called _____

A

VISCERAL PERICARDIUM

94
Q

If a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is______

A

PARIETAL PLEURA

95
Q

What cellular structure detects stimuli and sends information to the control center in a feedback loop ?

A

RECEPTOR

96
Q

Which is the correct sequence of a negative feedback loop ?

A

STIMULUS, RECEPTOR, CONTROL CENTER, EFFECTOR, and RESPONSE

97
Q

What plane divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR parts?

A

CORONAL

98
Q

The regional term for the hand is ____

A

MANUAL REGION

99
Q

The nose is ___to the mouth

A

SUPERIOR

100
Q

Physiology is to ____ as Anatomy is to _____

A

FUNCTION; STRUCTURE

101
Q

What body plane divides the body into EQUAL right and left parts ?

A

MIDSAGGITAL PLANE

102
Q

Which learner thrives with HANDS ON activities ?

A

TACTILE LEARNER

103
Q

Caudal is same as ____

A

INFERIOR

104
Q

The study known as _____ allows the individual to study the overall shape and structure of a femur bone WITHOUT a MICROSCOPE

A

GROSS ANATOMY

105
Q

Which term indicates the FRONT SIDE of BODY ?

A

ANTERIOR [VENTRAL]

106
Q

What does PROXIMAL mean ?

A

CLOSER TO POINT OR ORIGIN

107
Q

Correct sequence of the LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION of human body ?
SIMPLEST to MOST COMPLEX

A

CHEMICAL LEVEL, CELLULAR LEVEL, TISSUE LEVEL, ORGAN LEVEL, ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL, and ORGANISM LEVEL

108
Q

Which organ system produces blood cells, protects internal organs, and stores calcium salts ?

A

SKELETAL SYSTEM

109
Q

The neck is the _____ region

A

CERVICAL

110
Q

____ are the SMALLEST UNIT that carry out functions of life

A

CELLS

111
Q

What characteristic of life INVOLVES the REMOVAL of WASTE PRODUCTS ?

A

EXCRETION

112
Q

Anatomical Position :

A

PERSON IS STANDING FORWARD, HANDS AT SIDES, and PALMS FACING FORWARD

113
Q

Which body system functions RETURN EXCESS TISSUE FLUID to CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ?

A

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

114
Q

_____ is the term that means SOLE OF FOOT

A

PLANTAR

115
Q

Which organization level is MOST COMPLEX ?

A

ORAN LEVEL

116
Q

Which microscopic anatomy studies TISSUE LEVEL?

A

HISTOLOGY

117
Q

The SQ3R Method is :

A

SURVEY, QUESTION, READ, RECITE, & REVIEW

A & P I (14 decks)

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