Chapter 1 REVIEW Flashcards
1
Q
How many electrons will be in chloride ion with a charge of -1, if chlorine has an atomic number of 17?
A
18
2
Q
Which is NOT one of the 4 major elements of human body ?
A
CALCIUM
3
Q
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ____
A
ISOTOPES
4
Q
How many electrons are in the OUTERMOST shell of an atom with 15 electrons ?
A
5
5
Q
The INNERMOST shell of an atom holds ____ electrons ?
A
2
6
Q
A neutral atom with an atomic number of 8 and a mass of 17 has _____ protons ?
A
8
7
Q
What predicts the element to which the atom belongs ?
A
TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS
8
Q
The 4 elements of human body are :
A
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
CARBON
9
Q
If an atom of Iron has an atomic number of 26, how many protons will Iron have ?
A
26
10
Q
What does the atomic number represent ?
A
PROTONS IN AN ATOM
11
Q
What calculates the mass number ?
A
SUM OF PROTONS and NEUTRONS
12
Q
What varies from one Isotope of an element to another Isotope of the same element ?
A
MASS NUMBER
13
Q
Carbon-13?
A
REPRESENTS AN ISOTOPE OF CARBON WITH A MASS NUMBER OF 13
14
Q
Which molecule contains POLAR COVALENT BONDS ?
A
H2O
15
Q
Blood is a _____
A
SUSPENSION
16
Q
Depending on _____ determines how likely it is to form bonds and what types of bonds it will form ?
A
VALENCE ELECTRONS
17
Q
C2H6 :
A
NONPOLAR
18
Q
Ion ?
A
AN ATOM THAT HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS
19
Q
How do Ions form Ionic Bonds ?
A
IONS OF OPPOSITE ELECTRICAL CHARGES ARE ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER TO BALANCE THE CHARGES
20
Q
Polar covalent bonds are shared_____
A
UNEQUALLY
21
Q
Chemical bonds from STRONGEST to WEAKEST :
A
COVALENT, IONIC, and HYDROGEN
22
Q
What distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds ?
A
HYDROGEN BONDS CAN ONLY FORM BETWEEN MOLECULES
23
Q
Atoms that satisfy the OCTET rule are said to be :
A
INERT
24
Q
Which atom is Inert ?
A
ATOMIC NUMBER OF 10
25
An atom has 3 electrons in the valence shell, what is the atomic number ?
13
26
Two or more atoms of the same element that are CHEMICALLY combined are :
MOLECULES
27
Na + is :
ION
28
N2?
2 NITROGEN ATOMS FORMED A MOLECULE
29
The formation of a CATION and an ANION is :
IONIC BOND
30
Ionic bonds result from :
TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM A METAL TO NONMETAL
31
What is the strongest bond ?
DOUBLE COVALENT
32
Which covalent bond types shares electrons EQUALLY ?
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
33
What is a Dipole ?
POLAR MOLECULE
34
Hydrogen bonds MAY occur between :
POLAR MOLECULES
35
True/False : The solute dissolves the solvent ?
FALSE
36
True/False : An atom that has the atomic number of 13 has satisfied the octet rule and is Inert ?
FALSE
37
True/False : Hydrogen bonds are strong attractions between NONPOLAR covalent molecules ?
FALSE
38
What are the two general types of energy ?
POTENTIAL and KINETIC
39
A reaction where the energy of the reactants exceeds the amount of energy required for the reaction to proceed is called :
EXCERGONIC
40
Which factor INCREASES the reaction rate ?
PRESENCE OF AN ENZYME
41
True/ False : Enzymes are permanently altered in a reaction ?
FALSE; INCORRECT
42
The type of energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms in a large molecule is ______
POTENTIAL ENERGY
43
The reaction A+B—>AB is ?
A SYNTHESIS REACTION
44
Which reaction is important for growth and repair processes ?
SYNTHESIS REACTIONS
45
The process of digesting food breaks down into large food particles into smaller particles is ______
CATABOLIC REACTION
46
What happens in REDOX reactions ?
ELECTRON EXCHANGE OCCURS
47
AB+CD—>AD+BC is _____ reaction ?
EXCHANGE
48
Which component ALSO INCREASES the rate of reaction ?
INCREASED REACTANT CONCENTRATION
49
Which catalyst LOWERS the activation energy of a reaction ?
ENZYME
50
Function of an Enzyme :
SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
51
True/False : The digestion of food is EXERGONIC since chemical bonds are broken and energy is released ?
TRUE
52
True/False : Enzymes bind with substrates at their active sites and are permanently altered by the binding process ?
FALSE
53
True/False: Due to low heat capacity of water, the human body is resistant to overheating and cooling down quickly ?
FALSE
54
Water can cushion and protect the structure of the body because ?
IT HAS A HIGH DENSITY
55
A substance that ALWAYS DONATES hydrogen ions to a solution is called _____
AN ACID
56
The cations and anions that result when a salt dissolves is called ?
ELECTROLYTES
57
Methane is ?
HYDROPHOBIC and NON-POLAR
58
What is a Buffer ?
A CHEMICAL SYSTEN THAT RESIST CHANGES IN pH and PREVENTS LARGE SWINGS IN THE pH
59
True/False : pH Buffers consist of both weak acids and weak bases ?
TRUE
60
Water is MOST LIKELY to dissolve a solute that is :
HYDROPHILIC
61
H represents ____ in the pH scale
CONCENTRATION OF H+ IONS
62
Which pH represents a solution that has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions ?
PH of 14
63
Which pH represents the STRONGEST acidic solution ?
pH 1
64
pH range of Blood :
7.4
65
Which 2 organ systems work to correct pH imbalances in the body ?
RESPIRATORY and URINARY
66
What is the EFFECT a BUFFER has on a SOLUTION ?
SYSTEM RESIST CHANGE IN BLOOD pH
67
True/False : A base is a hydrogen iron acceptor ?
TRUE
68
The simplest sugar :
GLUCOSE
69
Glucose and Fructose joined through dehydration synthesis produce :
SUCROSE
70
What forms the body’s steroids ?
CHOLESTEROL
71
Amino acids are monomers for :
PROTEINS
72
What type of polar covalent bonds LINK amino acids ?
PEPTIDE BOND
73
What makes RNA a unique nucleic acid ?
CONTAINS URACIL
74
A fatty acid that contains NO double covalent bond is :
SATURATED
75
The main structural component of a cell membrane is :
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
76
The alpha helix and beat-pleated sheet are a characteristic of :
SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE
77
Which molecule is a lipid with a 4-ring hydrocarbon structure ?
CHOLESTEROL
78
The reverse reaction tho dehydration synthesis is :
HYDROLYSIS
79
What is NOT part of amino acids ?
CENTRAL OXYGEN ATOM
80
What serous membrane directly contacts and surrounds the liver ?
VISCERAL PERITONEUM
81
What are the two MAJOR methods by which cells communicate to coordinate their function ?
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
82
Which serous membrane covers some abdominal organs ?
PERITONEUM
83
What lubricates organs and reduces friction as organs move against adjacent structures ?
SEROUS FLUID
84
True/False : Form follows function ?
TRUE
85
What is the term used when abdominal organs are NOT located within Peritoneal cavity ?
RETROPERITONEAL
86
What principle DRIVES blood flow from a HIGH to LOW pressure in the capillaries ?
A GRADIENT
87
A neuron stimulating a muscle cell is an example of :
CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION
88
What 4 MAJOR organs are housed in THORACIC CAVITY ?
LUNGS, HEART, ESOPHAGUS, and TRACHEA
89
In which abdominopelvic quadrant is the MAJORITY of stomach located ?
LUQ
90
What are the 2 SUBCAVITIES of the posterior body cavity ?
CRANIAL and VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITIES
91
A cell or organ that responds to the directions of the control center in a negative feedback loop is :
AN EFFECTOR
92
What is present when more of something exists in one area than another ?
A GRADIENT
93
The INNERMOST serous membrane attached to the heart muscle is called _____
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
94
If a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is______
PARIETAL PLEURA
95
What cellular structure detects stimuli and sends information to the control center in a feedback loop ?
RECEPTOR
96
Which is the correct sequence of a negative feedback loop ?
STIMULUS, RECEPTOR, CONTROL CENTER, EFFECTOR, and RESPONSE
97
What plane divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR parts?
CORONAL
98
The regional term for the hand is ____
MANUAL REGION
99
The nose is ___to the mouth
SUPERIOR
100
Physiology is to ____ as Anatomy is to _____
FUNCTION; STRUCTURE
101
What body plane divides the body into EQUAL right and left parts ?
MIDSAGGITAL PLANE
102
Which learner thrives with HANDS ON activities ?
TACTILE LEARNER
103
Caudal is same as ____
INFERIOR
104
The study known as _____ allows the individual to study the overall shape and structure of a femur bone WITHOUT a MICROSCOPE
GROSS ANATOMY
105
Which term indicates the FRONT SIDE of BODY ?
ANTERIOR [VENTRAL]
106
What does PROXIMAL mean ?
CLOSER TO POINT OR ORIGIN
107
Correct sequence of the LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION of human body ?
*SIMPLEST to MOST COMPLEX*
CHEMICAL LEVEL, CELLULAR LEVEL, TISSUE LEVEL, ORGAN LEVEL, ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL, and ORGANISM LEVEL
108
Which organ system produces blood cells, protects internal organs, and stores calcium salts ?
SKELETAL SYSTEM
109
The neck is the _____ region
CERVICAL
110
____ are the SMALLEST UNIT that carry out functions of life
CELLS
111
What characteristic of life INVOLVES the REMOVAL of WASTE PRODUCTS ?
EXCRETION
112
Anatomical Position :
PERSON IS STANDING FORWARD, HANDS AT SIDES, and PALMS FACING FORWARD
113
Which body system functions RETURN EXCESS TISSUE FLUID to CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ?
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
114
_____ is the term that means SOLE OF FOOT
PLANTAR
115
Which organization level is MOST COMPLEX ?
ORAN LEVEL
116
Which microscopic anatomy studies TISSUE LEVEL?
HISTOLOGY
117
The SQ3R Method is :
SURVEY, QUESTION, READ, RECITE, & REVIEW
