Chapter 1 REVIEW Flashcards
How many electrons will be in chloride ion with a charge of -1, if chlorine has an atomic number of 17?
18
Which is NOT one of the 4 major elements of human body ?
CALCIUM
Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ____
ISOTOPES
How many electrons are in the OUTERMOST shell of an atom with 15 electrons ?
5
The INNERMOST shell of an atom holds ____ electrons ?
2
A neutral atom with an atomic number of 8 and a mass of 17 has _____ protons ?
8
What predicts the element to which the atom belongs ?
TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS
The 4 elements of human body are :
OXYGEN
NITROGEN
HYDROGEN
CARBON
If an atom of Iron has an atomic number of 26, how many protons will Iron have ?
26
What does the atomic number represent ?
PROTONS IN AN ATOM
What calculates the mass number ?
SUM OF PROTONS and NEUTRONS
What varies from one Isotope of an element to another Isotope of the same element ?
MASS NUMBER
Carbon-13?
REPRESENTS AN ISOTOPE OF CARBON WITH A MASS NUMBER OF 13
Which molecule contains POLAR COVALENT BONDS ?
H2O
Blood is a _____
SUSPENSION
Depending on _____ determines how likely it is to form bonds and what types of bonds it will form ?
VALENCE ELECTRONS
C2H6 :
NONPOLAR
Ion ?
AN ATOM THAT HAS GAINED OR LOST ELECTRONS
How do Ions form Ionic Bonds ?
IONS OF OPPOSITE ELECTRICAL CHARGES ARE ATTACHED TO EACH OTHER TO BALANCE THE CHARGES
Polar covalent bonds are shared_____
UNEQUALLY
Chemical bonds from STRONGEST to WEAKEST :
COVALENT, IONIC, and HYDROGEN
What distinguishes hydrogen bonds from covalent bonds ?
HYDROGEN BONDS CAN ONLY FORM BETWEEN MOLECULES
Atoms that satisfy the OCTET rule are said to be :
INERT
Which atom is Inert ?
ATOMIC NUMBER OF 10
An atom has 3 electrons in the valence shell, what is the atomic number ?
13
Two or more atoms of the same element that are CHEMICALLY combined are :
MOLECULES
Na + is :
ION
N2?
2 NITROGEN ATOMS FORMED A MOLECULE
The formation of a CATION and an ANION is :
IONIC BOND
Ionic bonds result from :
TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM A METAL TO NONMETAL
What is the strongest bond ?
DOUBLE COVALENT
Which covalent bond types shares electrons EQUALLY ?
NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND
What is a Dipole ?
POLAR MOLECULE
Hydrogen bonds MAY occur between :
POLAR MOLECULES
True/False : The solute dissolves the solvent ?
FALSE
True/False : An atom that has the atomic number of 13 has satisfied the octet rule and is Inert ?
FALSE
True/False : Hydrogen bonds are strong attractions between NONPOLAR covalent molecules ?
FALSE
What are the two general types of energy ?
POTENTIAL and KINETIC
A reaction where the energy of the reactants exceeds the amount of energy required for the reaction to proceed is called :
EXCERGONIC
Which factor INCREASES the reaction rate ?
PRESENCE OF AN ENZYME
True/ False : Enzymes are permanently altered in a reaction ?
FALSE; INCORRECT
The type of energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms in a large molecule is ______
POTENTIAL ENERGY
The reaction A+B—>AB is ?
A SYNTHESIS REACTION
Which reaction is important for growth and repair processes ?
SYNTHESIS REACTIONS
The process of digesting food breaks down into large food particles into smaller particles is ______
CATABOLIC REACTION
What happens in REDOX reactions ?
ELECTRON EXCHANGE OCCURS
AB+CD—>AD+BC is _____ reaction ?
EXCHANGE
Which component ALSO INCREASES the rate of reaction ?
INCREASED REACTANT CONCENTRATION
Which catalyst LOWERS the activation energy of a reaction ?
ENZYME
Function of an Enzyme :
SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
True/False : The digestion of food is EXERGONIC since chemical bonds are broken and energy is released ?
TRUE
True/False : Enzymes bind with substrates at their active sites and are permanently altered by the binding process ?
FALSE
True/False: Due to low heat capacity of water, the human body is resistant to overheating and cooling down quickly ?
FALSE
Water can cushion and protect the structure of the body because ?
IT HAS A HIGH DENSITY
A substance that ALWAYS DONATES hydrogen ions to a solution is called _____
AN ACID
The cations and anions that result when a salt dissolves is called ?
ELECTROLYTES
Methane is ?
HYDROPHOBIC and NON-POLAR
What is a Buffer ?
A CHEMICAL SYSTEN THAT RESIST CHANGES IN pH and PREVENTS LARGE SWINGS IN THE pH
True/False : pH Buffers consist of both weak acids and weak bases ?
TRUE
Water is MOST LIKELY to dissolve a solute that is :
HYDROPHILIC
H represents ____ in the pH scale
CONCENTRATION OF H+ IONS
Which pH represents a solution that has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions ?
PH of 14
Which pH represents the STRONGEST acidic solution ?
pH 1
pH range of Blood :
7.4
Which 2 organ systems work to correct pH imbalances in the body ?
RESPIRATORY and URINARY
What is the EFFECT a BUFFER has on a SOLUTION ?
SYSTEM RESIST CHANGE IN BLOOD pH
True/False : A base is a hydrogen iron acceptor ?
TRUE
The simplest sugar :
GLUCOSE
Glucose and Fructose joined through dehydration synthesis produce :
SUCROSE
What forms the body’s steroids ?
CHOLESTEROL
Amino acids are monomers for :
PROTEINS
What type of polar covalent bonds LINK amino acids ?
PEPTIDE BOND
What makes RNA a unique nucleic acid ?
CONTAINS URACIL
A fatty acid that contains NO double covalent bond is :
SATURATED
The main structural component of a cell membrane is :
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
The alpha helix and beat-pleated sheet are a characteristic of :
SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Which molecule is a lipid with a 4-ring hydrocarbon structure ?
CHOLESTEROL
The reverse reaction tho dehydration synthesis is :
HYDROLYSIS
What is NOT part of amino acids ?
CENTRAL OXYGEN ATOM
What serous membrane directly contacts and surrounds the liver ?
VISCERAL PERITONEUM
What are the two MAJOR methods by which cells communicate to coordinate their function ?
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
Which serous membrane covers some abdominal organs ?
PERITONEUM
What lubricates organs and reduces friction as organs move against adjacent structures ?
SEROUS FLUID
True/False : Form follows function ?
TRUE
What is the term used when abdominal organs are NOT located within Peritoneal cavity ?
RETROPERITONEAL
What principle DRIVES blood flow from a HIGH to LOW pressure in the capillaries ?
A GRADIENT
A neuron stimulating a muscle cell is an example of :
CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION
What 4 MAJOR organs are housed in THORACIC CAVITY ?
LUNGS, HEART, ESOPHAGUS, and TRACHEA
In which abdominopelvic quadrant is the MAJORITY of stomach located ?
LUQ
What are the 2 SUBCAVITIES of the posterior body cavity ?
CRANIAL and VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITIES
A cell or organ that responds to the directions of the control center in a negative feedback loop is :
AN EFFECTOR
What is present when more of something exists in one area than another ?
A GRADIENT
The INNERMOST serous membrane attached to the heart muscle is called _____
VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
If a needle punctures the serous membranes around the lungs, the first layer that the needle will go through is______
PARIETAL PLEURA
What cellular structure detects stimuli and sends information to the control center in a feedback loop ?
RECEPTOR
Which is the correct sequence of a negative feedback loop ?
STIMULUS, RECEPTOR, CONTROL CENTER, EFFECTOR, and RESPONSE
What plane divides the body into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR parts?
CORONAL
The regional term for the hand is ____
MANUAL REGION
The nose is ___to the mouth
SUPERIOR
Physiology is to ____ as Anatomy is to _____
FUNCTION; STRUCTURE
What body plane divides the body into EQUAL right and left parts ?
MIDSAGGITAL PLANE
Which learner thrives with HANDS ON activities ?
TACTILE LEARNER
Caudal is same as ____
INFERIOR
The study known as _____ allows the individual to study the overall shape and structure of a femur bone WITHOUT a MICROSCOPE
GROSS ANATOMY
Which term indicates the FRONT SIDE of BODY ?
ANTERIOR [VENTRAL]
What does PROXIMAL mean ?
CLOSER TO POINT OR ORIGIN
Correct sequence of the LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION of human body ?
SIMPLEST to MOST COMPLEX
CHEMICAL LEVEL, CELLULAR LEVEL, TISSUE LEVEL, ORGAN LEVEL, ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL, and ORGANISM LEVEL
Which organ system produces blood cells, protects internal organs, and stores calcium salts ?
SKELETAL SYSTEM
The neck is the _____ region
CERVICAL
____ are the SMALLEST UNIT that carry out functions of life
CELLS
What characteristic of life INVOLVES the REMOVAL of WASTE PRODUCTS ?
EXCRETION
Anatomical Position :
PERSON IS STANDING FORWARD, HANDS AT SIDES, and PALMS FACING FORWARD
Which body system functions RETURN EXCESS TISSUE FLUID to CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM ?
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
_____ is the term that means SOLE OF FOOT
PLANTAR
Which organization level is MOST COMPLEX ?
ORAN LEVEL
Which microscopic anatomy studies TISSUE LEVEL?
HISTOLOGY
The SQ3R Method is :
SURVEY, QUESTION, READ, RECITE, & REVIEW
