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A & P I > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical Level

A

Smallest non living cell level;

Atoms to molecules

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2
Q

Cellular level

A

Different molecule groups combined to form structures

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3
Q

Tissue level

A

Cells and ECM;

Containing two or more cell types

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4
Q

Organ level

A

Two or more tissues that form an organ;

Shape and tasks—Nerve tissue, connective, smooth muscle, and epithelial tissue

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5
Q

Organ system level

A

Groups of organs working together that make up a system;
(Two or more)
Includes : digestive and cardio system

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6
Q

Organism level

A

Groups of organs that work to make up an organism

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7
Q

Gradient core principle

A

Temperature, concentration, and pressure gradient;

DIFFERENCE

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8
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Change in a variable in (ONE) direction resulting in actions that (MOVE) variable to (OPPOSITE) direction;

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9
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Change in a (VARIABLE) resulting in actions that (AMPLIFY) change;
Example - Blood Clotting

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10
Q

Effector

A

Control center signals other cells or organs;

Example- delivering a baby

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11
Q

Response

A

Returns variable to normal range value

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12
Q

Stimulus

A

Detected by cellular structure called a Sensor ( RECEPTOR)

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13
Q

Control center

A

Signals (EFFECTORS) causing a (RESPONSE) that return variable to normal range

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14
Q

Sagittal plane

A

(VERTICAL)

Divides body into (right) and (left) sections

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15
Q

Mid/Median Sagittal plane

A

Divides body into (EQUAL) right and left sections;

Only medial or median if line passes at the midline

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16
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

Divides the body into (UNEQUAL) right and left sections;

Only considered when line doesn’t pass through

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17
Q

Frontal plane

A

(CORONAL)
Divides the body into (ANTERIOR) and (POSTERIOR) sections;
Sideways

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18
Q

Anterior

A

Ventral (Front);
Example - Thoracic and Abdominopelvic;
Example- The esophagus is_____ to the spinal cord.

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19
Q

Posterior

A

Dorsal (Back);
Example- Cranial and Vertebral
Example - The occipital bone is on the ____ cranium (skull).

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20
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into (SUPERIOR) and (INFERIOR) sections or (PROXIMAL) and (DISTAL) sections
horizontal

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21
Q

Superior

A

Cranial ( Upper); Towards head.
Example- The nose is ___ to the mouth.
The neck is ___ to the chest.

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22
Q

Inferior

A

Caudal (Lower);
Below
Example- head, neck, and trunk positions
Example- The nose is ___ to the forehead.
The umbilicus is ____ to the chest.

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23
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to origin of point;
Example- The knee is ___ to the ankle.
The shoulder is ____ to the elbow.

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24
Q

Distal

A

Farther from point or origin;
Example- The foot is ___ to the hip.
The wrist is ___to the elbow.

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25
Q

Oblique plane

A

Angle;

Diagonal section

26
Q

Axial

A

Head, neck, and trunk

27
Q

Appendicular

A

Upper and Lower limbs

28
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body facing upright;
Palms forward;
Arms at sides;

29
Q

Medial

A

Closer to midline;
Example- The ear is ____ to the shoulder.
The index finger is ____ to the thumb.

30
Q

Lateral

A

Farther from midline;
Example - The shoulder is ___to the chest.
The thumb is ____ the to the index finger.

31
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the body’s surface;
Example - The skin is ___ to the muscle.
Muscle is ___ to bone.

32
Q

Deep

A

Further from the body’s surface
Inside body
Example - Bone is ___ to skin.
Bone is ___ to muscle.

33
Q

Contralateral

A

Opposing side;

34
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Same side;

35
Q

Intermediate

A

Between;

36
Q

What divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Diaphragm

37
Q

Thoracic cavity divides into:

A

Pleural cavity, Mediastinum, and the Pericardial cavity;

Superior to diaphragm

38
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Left or right lung;

39
Q

Mediastinum

A

Houses the heart, vessels, trachea, and the esophagus;

40
Q

Pericardial cavity

A

Within the mediastinum;

41
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity divides into:

A

Superior abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity;
Inferior to diaphragm
Contains : Organs from the digestive, lymphatic, urinary, and reproductive systems

42
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

Abdominal sub cavity within serous membrane;

43
Q

4 Abdominopelvic Quadrants:

A 
Right upper (RUQ)
Left upper (LUQ)
Right lower (RLQ)
Left lower (LLQ) 
* viewers sight is opposite*
44
Q

9 Abdominopelvic Regions :

A

(TOP to BOTTOM)
Right hypochondriac region, Epigastric region, Left hypochondriac region;
Right lumbar region, Umbilical region, Left lumbar region;
Right iliac region, Hypogastric region, Left iliac region;

45
Q

Serous Fluid

A

A thin fluid layer between (TWO MEMBRANE) layers;

46
Q

Pleural Membranes

A

Outer (PARIETAL PLEURA- Thoracic wall) and Inner (VISCERAL PLEURA- Lung surface)

47
Q

Pericardial Membranes

A

Outer (PARIETAL PERICARDIUM- separating heart from mediastinum) and Inner (VISCERAL PERICARDIUM- on heart muscle)

48
Q

Peritoneal Membranes

A

Outer (PARIETAL PERITONEUM- abdominal organs) and Inner (VISCERAL PERITONEUM)

49
Q

Endocrine System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Regulates body functions : muscle functions, glands, and hormone secretion;
(ANATOMY)
Pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, testes (male) and ovaries (female);

50
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Pumps and delivers (poor) oxygen blood to lungs and (rich) oxygen blood to tissues, removes wastes from tissues, and transports cells, nutrients, and other substances;
(ANATOMY)
Blood vessels and the heart;

51
Q

Integumentary System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Protects body from outside environment, produces vitamin D, retains water, and regulates body temp
(ANATOMY)
Hair, skin, and nails;

52
Q

Skeletal System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Supports body, protects internal organs, provides movement, produces blood cells, and stores calcium salts;
(ANATOMY)
Bones and Joints;

53
Q

Muscular System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Produces movement, controls body openings, and generates heat;
(ANATOMY)
Skeletal muscles;

54
Q

Nervous System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Regulates body functions : provides sensation, movement, automatic function, and high mental function;
(ANATOMY)
Brain, Spinal cord, and Nerves;

55
Q

Lymphatic System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Returns excess tissue fluid to cardio system and provides immunity;
(ANATOMY)
Tonsils, Lymph nodes, Thymus, Spleen, and Lymphatic vessels;

56
Q

Respiratory System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Delivers oxygen to the blood, removes carbon dioxide from body, and maintains acid-base balance of blood;
(ANATOMY)
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Lungs;

57
Q

Digestive System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Digests food, absorbs nutrients into blood, removes food waste, and maintains fluid-electrolyte-acid - base balance;
(ANATOMY)
Mouth, Salivary glands, Esophagus, Liver, Stomach, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Large intestine, and Small intestine;

58
Q

Urinary System

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Removes waste from blood, maintains fluid-electrolyte-acid - base balance, and stimulates blood cell production;
(ANATOMY)
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder, and Urethra;

59
Q

Reproductive System

MALE

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Produces and transports sperm, secretes hormones, and is a sexual function;
(ANATOMY)
Prostate gland, Ductus deferens, Testis, and Penis;

60
Q

Reproductive System

FEMALE

A

(PSYCHOLOGY)
Produces and transports eggs, site of fetal development-nourishment-childbirth-lactation, secretes hormones, and is a sexual function;
(ANATOMY)
Mammary glands, Uterine tube, Ovary, Uterus, and Vagina;

A & P I (14 decks)

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