Chapter 2 REVIEW Flashcards
The primary lipid in cell membranes is :
PHOSPHOLIPID
When blood pH rises ABOVE 7.45, the system suffers from ____
ALKALOSIS
Which is NOT considered a POLYMER ?
FATTY ACID
The HIGHEST concentration of HYDROGEN IONS on pH SCALE is :
pH of 1
Saturated, Monounsaturated, and Polyunsaturated fats DIFFER in :
ABSENCE OF or NUMBER OF DOUBLE COVALENT BONDS
A ____ reaction involves the addition of water to break down large molecules into smaller molecules
HYDROLYSIS
The more hydrogen ions present in a solution, the more ____ the solution
ACIDIC
True/False : The quaternary structure is present in ALL proteins and consists of the combination of several polypeptide chains ?
FALSE; INCORRECT
Which chemical BINDS FREE HYDROGEN IONS in SOLUTION ?
BASE
All are properties of WATER, EXCEPT :
IT IS AN ORGANIC MOLECULE
Organic and Inorganic compounds DIFFER in that :
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS LACK CARBON
A BASE is a _________ in a solution
HYDROGEN ACCEPTOR
In DNA, an ADENINE BASE will FORM 2 HYDROGEN BONDS with_____
A THYMINE BASE
A ____ is a POLAR COVALENT BOND that joins 2 AMINO ACIDS together
PEPTIDE BOND
Which 2 groups are ALWAYS FOUND in AMINO ACIDS ?
AMINO and CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
The 4 nitrogenous bases found in DNA are :
ADENINE, GUANINE, CYTOSINE, and THYMINE
Molecules or Compounds that WILL NOT DISSOLVE in WATER are :
HYDROPHOBIC
____ is what occurs when a proteins structure and functions is LOST due to EXPOSURE OF EXTREME HEAT
DENATURATION
The group of polymers are most important due to being responsible for the storage and execution of the genetic code, are the :
NUCLEIC ACIDS
The monomer of the carbohydrates is _____
MONOSACCHARIDE
A fatty acid containing TWO OR MORE double covalent bonds is ____
POLYUNSATURATED
Amino acids are monomers for :
PROTEINS
Building blocks of organic molecules are known as :
MONOMERS
DNA contains ALL FEATURES, EXCEPT :
IT CONTAINS URACIL
Which organic compound is NOT found in human body ?
STARCH
What is the function of a Buffer ?
PREVENTS LARGE SWINGS IN pH WHEN AN ACID OR BASE IS ADDED
Which is the SAME among ISOTOPES of SAME ELEMENT ?
ATOMIC NUMBER
True/False : Homeostatic Reactions is a basic type of chemical reaction in the body ?
FALSE
When an ATOM LOSES an ELECTRON _____
CATION
When an ATOM GAINS an ELECTRON____
ANION
The synthesis reactions that take place in the body are _____
ANABOLIC
The decomposition reactions are _____ reactions
CATABOLIC
A ____ forms when ELECTRONS are SHARED EQUALLY
NON-POLAR
A _____ bond forms when ELECTRONS are SHARED UNEQUALLY
POLAR
Atoms with the SAME ATOMIC NUMBER, but DIFFERENT MASS is _____
ISOTOPES
Exchange reaction ?
AB+CD—>AD+BC
Salts are held together by ?
IONIC BONDS
What contributes to the calculation of mass number ?
SUM OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS
What predicts where the element of an atom belongs ?
TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS
The 4-MAJOR ELEMENTS that make up 96% of ALL LIVING THINGS are :
HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, CARBON, and NITROGEN
What happens in REDOX reactions ?
ELECTRON EXCHANGE OCCURS
What determines HOW an atom INTERACTS with OTHER atoms and whether it will FORM BONDS with SPECIFIC atoms ?
VALENCE ELECTRONS
What does the ATOMIC NUMBER REPRESENT ?
PROTONS IN AN ATOM
Atoms that SATISFY the OCTET RULE are :
INERT
Energy in the human body take on ALL FORMS, EXCEPT :
RADIANT ENERGY
What INCREASES the RATE OF A REACTION ?
INCREASED REACTANT CONCENTRATION
A ____ is a mixture that consists of a LIQUID MIXED WITH A SOLID ?
SUSPENSION
Which property is NOT associated with ENZYMES ?
ENZYMES ALTER THE CHEMICAL REACTION
A ____ bond is formed when 2-PAIRS of ELECTRONS are SHARED
DOUBLE
Ionic Bonds result from ____
THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS FROM A METAL & NONMETAL
Which reactions forms A+B+energy—>AB?
ENDERGONIC REACTION
Which SUBATOMIC PARTICLE is POSITIVELY CHARGED ?
PROTON
Which subatomic particle carries a NEGATIVE CHARGE ?
ELECTRON
The atomic number represents ?
NUMBER OF PROTONS
Nuclear Medicine uses ____ for diagnosis and treatment
RADIOISOTOPES
The MASS NUMBER of an ATOM is DETERMINED by :
PROTONS + NEUTRONS
The formation of a CATION and an ANION INDICATES ?
AN IONIC BOND
What is the FUNCTION of an ENZYME ?
SPEED UP CHEMICAL REACTIONS BY LOWERING THE ACTIVATION ENERGY
True/False : Buffers are one of the three basic types of mixtures ?
NO; FALSE
When ELECTRONS located in OUTERMOST SHELL of atoms INTERACT, ____ is FORMED
CHEMICAL BONDS
Anything that takes up SPACE and has MASS is :
MATTER
Cytology is a topic WITHIN the field of :
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY
The CEPHALIC REGION is____ to the GLUTEAL REGION
SUPERIOR
Which region CORRESPONDS with the CALF?
SURAL
You are dissecting an eye and you want to cut it into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR SECTIONS, you should CUT ALONG ?
THE FRONTAL PLANE
Anterior is the SAME AS ?
VENTRAL
Which abdominopelvic regions OVERLAP the LLQ?
LEFT ILIAC REGION
The cellular structure that CAN DETECT STIMULI and SEND INFORMATION to CONTROL CENTER is _____
RECEPTOR
