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Additional CSO Cards > Chapter 6: Integrative oncology, MBIs > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Integrative oncology, MBIs Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative vs Complementary Medicine

A

Alternative - used instead of mainstream, Western medicine

Complementary - used in additional to mainstream medicine

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2
Q

CAM

A

“Complementary & Alternative Medicine,” most commonly used in publishings

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3
Q

Define “allopathic” medicine

A

Conventional medicine

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4
Q

Define “Integrative Medicine”

A

A more recent term that emphasizes the integration of conventional practices + complementary or alternative practices that are safe and evidence-based in efficacy

The heart of IM is the focus on the WHOLE PERSON and their environment

IM = whole health

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5
Q

The NIH classifies complementary health approaches into these 2 categories…

A
  1. Biological products
  2. Mind-body practices
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6
Q

T/F: Biological products (special diets, supplements) are less commonly used than mind-body interventions among cancer & cancer survivors in the US

A

FALSE - more common use of biological products

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7
Q

Define “Whole Medical Systems”

A

Traditionally characteristic of traditional, ancient cultures

They encompass mind-body approaches, biologically based, and energy-based approaches

i,e, Traditional Chinese Medicine

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8
Q

What are 3 types of alternative “Whole Medical Systems”

A
  1. Traditional Chinese Medicine - uses acupuncture, tai chi, music, biological products
  2. Ayurveda - Indian belief based on finding the perfect balance of nature elements and the human body. Includes meditation & yoga.
  3. Homeopathy - biologically based, using diluted natural substances to heal
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9
Q

Define “qi”

A

Pronounced “chi”

Part of chinese medicine, acupuncture & acupressure help more qi through the body

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10
Q

4 components of meditation

A
  1. Quiet, relatively distraction-free area
  2. Comfortable posture
  3. Focus of attention
  4. Judgement-free attitude towards thoughts that arise
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11
Q

Define Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)

A

6-8 week mindfulness-based meditation program. Goal is to increase mindfulness in day to day life. Created by Jon Katbat Zinn

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12
Q

Define Qi Gong

A

Various ways to move qi throughout, into, or out of the body. Incorporates movement, meditation, breathing, massage

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13
Q

Define Tai Chi

A

A martial arts practice that involves qi gong

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14
Q

What fraction of the US population uses some type of CAM (biological or MBI)?

A

1/3

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14
Q

What percentage of US adults with cancer have used CAM within the past year?

A

35.3% (slightly higher than average)

Higher amongst breast cancer

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14
Q

What are the 3 most commonly used MBIs?

A
  1. Deep breathing
  2. Meditation
  3. Yoga
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14
Q

What are the 3 most common MBIs offered at cancer centers?

A
  1. Accupuncture
    2/3 (tied): Meditation & yoga
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14
Q

Which BMI group is most likely to use CAM?

A

Overweight (compared to normal, underweight, or obese)

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14
Q

T/F: The use of CAM is most common among young adult women

A

True

Most common in 20-30 y/o & > 60 years

Most common in highly educated, widowed, retired

15
Q

What is the most-likely proposed mechanism of effectiveness for MBIs?

A

Management of both negative mental and biological impacts of stress

Stress can inhibit immune system & increase inflammation

Has both top down (contemplative like deep breathing U& meditation) & bottom up impacts on stress

16
Q

The stress response involves the ________________ nervous system

A

Autonomic (part of the peripheral nervous system)

“involuntary”

17
Q

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathetic = fight or flight
*chronic activation = increased inflammation

Parasympathetic = rest & digest
*activation = decreased inflammation

18
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Found in neck, activation reduces stress (i.e. top down MBIS)

19
Q

HPA axis

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

(think cortisol) - activation increases stress

20
Q

Evidence Grades by the Society for Integrative Oncology for therapies on breast Cancer

A

Grade A - recommended, high certainty of substantial benefit. Provide and recommend.

Grade B - recommend. either high to moderate certainty regarding moderate to substantial benefit. Offer and provide.

Grade C - recommend selectively. individualize using judgement and pt preference. There is at least moderate evidence that the net benefit is small.

21
Q

What grade is acupuncture for use with antiemetic drugs to help control chemo-induced nausea & vomiting?

A

Grade B

22
Q

What grade is acupuncture for
-reducing stress/anxiety
-reducing hot flashes
-reducing cancer-related pain
-reducing cancer fatigue
-reducing mood disturbances

A

Grade C

23
Q

Limitations regarding acupuncture research

A

Inadequate descriptions regarding the interventions including specific points used and if it was carried out according to TCM theory

24
Q

The SIO qualifies the evidence for qigong as an intvervention to improve _______________ for people with breast cancer as grade C

A

QOL

24
Q

2 goals of meditation

A
  1. Cultivate awareness
  2. Monitor one’s thoughts with openness
24
Q

The effects of meditation & MBSR for reducing anxiety, mood disturbances, and depressive symptoms are considered grade ___________

A

A

25
Q

______ yoga is the most common in the US/canada and forms the basis for all classic approaches to yoga

A

Hatha

Emphasizes postures & breathing

26
Q

Grade for yoga on reduced anxiety, mood disturbances, and depressive symptoms

A

B

27
Q

Grade for yoga on reduced fatigue

A

C

28
Q

T/F: Yoga therapist credential requires less training than yoga teacher credential

A

False. Yoga therapists dedicate their practice as a healing art *at least 800 hours)

29
Q

This lineage of yoga is most ideal for people with cancer d/t focusing on people with imbalances

A

Yoga Therapy

30
Q

Define Yin Yoga

A

Poses help for 3-5 minutes to strengthen connective tissue

31
Q

Define Bikram

A

Hot yoga

32
Q

Define Vinyasa

A

“Flow Yoga” - different from hatha where poses are 1 at a time

33
Q

Define Restorative Yoga

A

Modifies poses to allow those with cancer or other medical conditions to practice yoga with modifications

34
Q

Define Viniyoga

A

Therapeutic yoga tailored to individuals with an emphasis on breath

35
Q

Define Kundalini

A

Meditation focused on spiritual awakening which includes movement

36
Q

Define Kripalu

A

Inquiry-based yoga focusing on highlighting awareness and accepting sensations/thoughts

thing “crippling” thoughts

37
Q

Define Iyengar

A

A hatha-style yoga with an emphasis on precise structural alignment, such as for therapeutic reasons (i.e. legs up the wall for edema reduction)

38
Q

Define Ashtanga

A

“Flow yoga” but the same poses are repeated each class

39
Q

Define Anusara

A

A wholistic approach to yoga focusing on traditional yogurt roots including spiritual growth + hatha poses

40
Q

What are 3 types of yoga therapy?

A
  1. Restorative yoga
  2. Iyengar (i.e. feet up wall)
  3. Yiniyoga (individulized, breath)

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