Chapter 23: Gynecological cancers Flashcards
The HPV vaccine has reduced incidence of ______ cancer in women in the US, but remains a bigger threat in other countries
Cervical__
_______ cancer is the leading cause of gynecological cancer deaths in the US
Ovarian
Unlike _______ cancer, ovarian cancer presents with few symptoms making early detection difficult
Endometrial
Risk for _______ gyn cancer is increased w/ obesity & Mediterranean diet, while there is little evidence to support metabolic syndrome or diet quality to _________ gyn cancer
Endometrial
Ovarian
Calcium/dairy and ovarian cancer
Some studies showed inverse relationship but very conflicting/inconclusive
Factors increasing risk for endometrial cancer (6)
-Exposure to estrogen (birth control pills, total number of menstrual cycles)
-Tamoxifen
-PCOS
-Obesity
-Older age
-Hyperglycemia/DM/metabolic syndrome
Protective factors for endometrial cancer (4)
-Coffee
-Fruit & non-starchy vegetables
-Mediterranean diet
-physical activity
Risk factors for uterine sarcoma (3)
-Radiation to pelvis
-Family hx of retinoblastoma (abnormal copy of RB gene_
-Black women
Oral contraceptives increase risk for ________ gyn cancer, but decrease risk for _______ gyn cancer
Endometrial
Ovarian
(think that the ovaries produce estrogen so they like it)
Factors that increase risk for ovarian cancer (4)
Age
Growth/height in adulthood
Obesity
Gene mutations (BRCA)
Factors that decrease risk for ovarian cancer (5)
Giving birth
Birth control
Breastfeeding
Increased hip circumference
Prophylactic oophrectomy
What is the word for removal of the ovaries?
Oophrectomy
Which 2 types of HPV are most linked to cervical cancer
HPV 16 & HPV 18
Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer, while uterine _________ is rare
Sarcoma
The most common type of ovarian cancer is of the ________ cells
Epithelial